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Functional Anatomy > Vertebral Column, Osteology & Myology > Flashcards

Vertebral Column, Osteology & Myology Flashcards

1
Q

CDC 2017

A

1/4 adults experience a fall

1/5 falls result in serious injury/hospitalization

$50 billion in medical expense

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

central axis of the body

bones of the head, vetebral column, thorax

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3
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the UE and LE

including pectoral and pelvic girdles

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4
Q

spinal column

A

7 cervical (lordosis)

12 thoracic (kyphosis)

5 lumbar (lordosis)

3-5 coccygeal (kyphosis)

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5
Q

convexity

A
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6
Q

primary curvature

A

during fetal development, primary curvature have posterior convexity

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7
Q

secondary curvature

A

curvature and C and L regoings change with infant development

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8
Q

Indepedent head control

A

3-6 month

C anterior convexity develops

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9
Q

independent sitting

A

1 year of age

Lumbar develop anterior convexity

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10
Q

Common to all vertebra

A

Vertberal Body

Vertebral arch: pedicles, lamina, superior vertebral notch, inferior verterbral notch, intervertebral foramen

Vertebral Foramen (canal)

Vertebral processes: superior articular processes and facets, inferior articular processes and facets, transverse processes, spinous processes.

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11
Q

Cervical vertebra

A

Transverse Foramina

Bifid spinous process (except C1 and C7)

superior and articular facets in transverse plane

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12
Q
A

C1 (Atlas)

no body, no spinous process

anterior arch and tubercle

posterior arch and tubercle

lateral masses with facets

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13
Q
A

C2 (Axis)

Dens (odontoid process)

The joint where axis and atlas meet is called the Atlanto-axial joint, and is a pivot joint with 1 df, uniaxial movement.

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14
Q
A

C7

Long bifid spinous process (aka, vertebral prominence)

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15
Q
A

Thoracic vertebra

Heart-shaped body

Small, circular vertebral foramen

Long, sloping spinous process

long transverse process

No transverse foramina

Superior and inferior costal facets (2 each, articulate with ribs)

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16
Q
A

Large Kidney shaped body

triangular vertebral foramen

short/stout spinous process

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17
Q
A

Note, differences between each

Cspine: long bifid spinous process, tranverse foramen

Tspine: superior and inferior costal facets

Lspine: Super fat body

18
Q
A

Promontory

Sacral Canal

Pelvic (anterior foramen), Dorsal (posterior) foramen

Auricular surface (articulates with ilium)

19
Q
A

External occipital protuberance

Superior Nuchal line

foramen magnum

occipital condyles

20
Q
A

Mastoid process

21
Q
A

Biaxial, condyloid joint

joint between occipital condyles and the superior facets on the lateral masses of C1

allows FLX/EXT & Lateral FLX

22
Q
A

Uniaxial, pivot

between vertebral foramen C1 (Atlas) and C2 (Axis) via the odontoid process

Cervical Rotation

23
Q
A

synovial, Multi-axial, planar

between the inferior articular process of the moresuperior vert. and the facet of the superior articular process of the more inferior vertebra

FLX/EXT, lateral FLX, ROT

24
Q
A

Joint between the bodies of vertebra, non synovial (space where discs are)

25
Q
A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Ligamenta Flava

Supraspinous Ligament

26
Q
A

Thickest in Lumbar spine

runs between occipital bone and sacrum

anterior to verterbal body

limits spinal hyperextension

27
Q
A

Thickest in Lumbar

between axis and sacrum

posterior to vertebral body

limits spinal flexion

28
Q
A

“yellow ligaments”

thickest in lumbar region

posterior to vertebral canal

connects laminae

most elastic

limits spinal flexion

29
Q
A

fibrocartilagenous, cushion between vertebral bodies

secured by AL and PL

elastic = spinal flexibility

30
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

soft, gel like substance

31
Q

anulus fibrosus

A

ring shaped, fibrous connective tissue

32
Q

Posture

A

“an alignment of body segments, a position of atttude of the body, the relative arrangement of body parts for a specific activity, or a characteristic manner of bearing one’s body”

how one stands, sits and moves

transitioning from supine to sitting, standing and walking

climbing steps, inserting foot into pant leg, stepping into shower, reaching into cupboads, driving

33
Q

Vertebral Column Stability Factors

A
34
Q

Vertebral column flexibilty factors

A
35
Q

Core Stability: proximal stability for distal mobility

A

“ability to control the position and motion of the trunk over the pelvis to allow optimum production, transer and control of force and motion to the terminal segment in integrated activies”

Proximal stabilization within BOS allows for better stabilty along the kinetic chain, when movement produces change in COG

36
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Low density of trabecular bone

5.1% of men 24.5% of women over 65

causes compression fractures, falls,

37
Q

Pathologic Kyphosis

A

Most common osteoarthritic fracture, occurs in the anterior portion of the vertebral body

T7-T8

COM shifts anteior, postural strategies used to fix “feeling like falling backward”

compensation: hyperextension C spine, posterior lean

Contribute to falls more than age

38
Q

Fixed Support

Change in Support

A

ankle strategy (Dorsi, plantar flx)

hip strategy (FLX/ EXT)

increasing BOS with environmental modifications, reaching strategies

39
Q

OT Assesment Kyphosis

A

Up and Go test (timed

Reach test (UE reaching exam to see how functional activities are imparied)

Postural strategies used? Hip/Ankle & change in support

40
Q

C-Spine Degrees of Motion

A

FLX / EXT: 120-130 deg

LAT FLX: 25-40 deg

ROT: 65-75 deg

41
Q

T-Spine Degrees of Motion

A

FLX/EXT: 50-65 deg

LAT FLX: 30-35 deg

ROT: 25-30 deg

42
Q

L-Spine Degrees of Motion

A

FLX/EXT: 55-70 deg

LAT FLX: 20 deg

ROT: 5-7 deg

Functional Anatomy (7 decks)

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