Muscles, Nerves & Movement of Neck & Trunk Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid, Anterior Lateral Neck
Proximal: manubrium sternum, medial clavicle
Distal: mastoid process & superior nuchal line
Bilat: C-spine flexion
Unilat: C-spine ipsilateral lateral flexion, C-spine contralateral rotation
Scalenus group: anterior, medius, posterior
Anterior Lateral Neck
proximal: transverse processes of C2-C7 vertebra
distal: 1st and 2nd ribs
C-spine ipsilateral lateral flexion, no rot, elevates 1st and 2nd ribs (inhalation)
innervation: C3-C8
Trapezius: Posterior Neck & Back
Extrinsic
Proximal: superior nuchal line, external occipital proterberance, spinous processes C7-T12 vertebrae
Distal: lateral clavicle, acromion process of scapula, spine of scapula
Scapular elevation, retraction, upward rotation
upper fibers: C-spine contralateral rotation
Lower fibers: scapular depression
innervation: spinal accessory n [CN XI]
Latissimus Dorsi: Posterior Neck and Back
Extrinsic
Proximal: spinous processes T7-L5 vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lower ribs
Distal: intertubercular groove of humerus
humeral EXT/IR
when pelvis is fixed: T and L sprine ipsilateral ROT
Innervation: thoracodorsal n. [C6-C8]
Splenius Capitis: Intrinsic Post. Neck and Back
Proximal: spinous processes of C7-T4vertebrae
Distal: mastoid process & superior nuchal line
Bilateral: C-spine EXT
Unilateral: C-spine ipsilateral lat flexion, ipsilateral ROT
Innervation: C3-C5
Splenius Cervicis: Intrinsic Post Neck and Back
Proximal: spinous processes of T3-T6 vertebrae
Distal: transverse processes of C1-C3
Bilateral: C-spine EXT
Unilateral: C-spine ipsilateral lateral flexion, ipsilateral ROT
Innervation: C5-C7
Erectror Spinae Group:
Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
Proximal: sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of lower lumber and sacral vertebrae
Distal: spinous and transverse processes of C and T vertebrae
Bilateral: Spinal EXT
Unilat: Lateral Trunk FLX, no sig impact ROT
Innervation: spinal nerves for each spinal group
External Oblique: Anterolateral Wall
Prox: 5th-12th ribs
Distal: linea alba, pubis, iliac crest
Bilateral contraction: lumbar FLX
Unilateral: Lumbar contralateral ROT
Innervation: T7-T12
Internal Oblique: Anterolateral wall
Proximal: anterior iliac crest
Distal: linea alba, 10-12th ribs, pubis
Bilateral contraction: lumbar flexion
unilateral: ipsilateral lumbar rotation
Innervation: T6-L1
Rectus Abdomonis : Anterolateral Wall
Proximal: pubic symphysis, pubic crest
Distal: xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilage 5-7
lumbar FLX
Innervation: T6-T12
Transverse Abdominis: Anterolateral Wall
Proximal: costal cartilage 7-12, iliac crest
Distal: linea alba, pubic crest
Visceral compression
innervation: T6-L1
Psoas Major: Posteral Wall
Proximal: tranverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Distal: lesser trochanter of femur
Trunk stable: Pelvifemoral FLX
Prox LE stable: Lumbar FLX, Pelvifemoral FLX
Innervation: L1-L3
Quadratus Lumborum: Posterior Wall
Proximal: 12th rib, transverse processes T12-L5 vertebra
Distal: iliac crest
Bilateral: trunk EXT
Unilateral: Ipsilateral LAT FLX
innervation: T12-L4
V-Formation
a muscle whose inferior attachment is medial to its superior attachment
anterolateral muscle grou: rotates neck to opposite side
posterior group: rotates to same side
Inverted V Formation
a muscle whose inferior attachment is lateral to its superior attachment.
bilateral: EXT
unilateral: lateral FLX
anterolateral, ipsilateral rot
posterior group: contralateral ROT
Peripheral Nerves
begin medially at the spinal cord and exit the vertebral foramen laterally through the intervertebral foramen.
Dorsal root: carries afferent (sensory) fibers to CNS
Ventral root: containes efferent (motor) fibers away from CNS
Spinal root: contains both afferent and efferent fibers
Spinal Cord: Actions and Clinical Implications
Presents as BILATERAL loss of SENSORY AND MOTOR
circumferentially at every level caudal
Dorsal Spinal Root: Actions and Implication
results in ipsilateral loss, sensory in the anterolateral and posterior compartments. potential to damage UE, LE, depending upon spinal segment.
Ventral Spinal Root: Actions and Implications
results in ipsilateral loss of motor actions in the anterolater and posterior compartments, may affect UE/ LE based upon spinal segment.
Spinal Nerve: Actions and Implications
results in ipsilateral loss of sensory and motor in both anterolateral and posterior compartments, potential damage to UE/ LE dependent upon spinal segment.
Dorsal Primary Ramus: Actions and Implications
Ipsilateral loss of sensory and motor function on the posterior compartments of neck and trunk.
Ventral Primary Ramus: Actions and Implications
results in ipsilateral loss of sensory and motor in the anterolateral neck and trunk, potential UE/LE damage, only at the level of spinal segment.
Cranial Nerves
exit the vertebral column via intervertebral foramina
ABOVE the vertebral segement
C1-C8
Thoracic Nerves, Lumbar Nerves, Sacral Nerves
exit via the intervertebral foramina
BELOW the vertebral segment
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
Somatosensory receptors
each spinal nerve contains somatosensory receptors mapped throughout the body in a highly organized manner.
Stimulation from a specific area of the body runs along it’s peripheral nerve to the spinal nerve, where it enters the spinal cord at the spinal segment
A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve.Each of these spinal nerves relay sensation from a particular region of the skin to the brain.
Can determine sensory and motor functions of specific nerves
paraplegia
motor and sensory impairments at the T, L and S level of spinal cord.
usually results in UE function, depending on level of impairment.
Tetraplegia
Tetraplegia (sometimes referred to as quadriplegia) is a term used to describe the inability to voluntarily move the upper and lower parts of the body
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
NLI (Neurological Level of Injury)
classified according to the lowest segment of the spinal cord at which:
demonstrates functional s_trength to move joint through full ROM against gravity_
sensation is intact at the level of the dermatome.
Injury to T9 vertebrae will preserve T9 nerve, but damage T10. NLI of injury: T9 paraplegia resulting in UE function, compromised core stabilty (posture, control) and compromised LE function.
