Vertebral Column/Back/Shoulder Flashcards
Functions of vertebral column
protection
support of body weight (superior to pelvis)
axis for body and head
posture and locomotion
movements of vertebral column
flexion
extension
lateral flexion
rotation
kyphotic regions
thoracic and sacral
lordotic regions
cervical and lumbar
primary curvatures
thoracic and sacral
secondary curvatures
cervical and sacral
vertebral arch composed of
two pedicles and laminae
vertebral foramen formed by
vertebral arch and body
vertebral canal formed by
successive foramina from stacked vertebrae
intervertebral foramina formed by
super and inferior vertebral notches (spinal nerves pass through)
bifid configuration in all cervical vertebrae expect
C1 and C7
transverse costal facet articulates with
costal tubercle
coastal demifacets articulate with
coastal head
purpose of accessory process on lumbar vertebrae
deep back muscle attachment
L1 is level with
9th rib
attachments of nuchal ligment
external occipital tuberance
foramen magnum
spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
purpose of nuchal ligament
accommodates depth of cervical spinous processes
provides attachment point for muscles that attach to spinous processes
supraspinous ligament
attaches spinous processes of c7 to sacrum
merges with nuchal ligament
ventral horn fibers
anterior and motor
dorsal horn fibers
posterior and sensory
carries pre ganglionic sympathetic fibers from lateral horn
ventral horn
spinal nerve formed by
union of ventral and dorsal roots
spinal nerve gives rise to
dorsal and ventral rami
ventral ramus gives rise to
white and gray rami communicates
carries pre ganglionic sympathetic fibers to sympathetic trunk via
white rami
ramus that is typically larger
ventral ramus
ramus that helps form plexuses
ventral ramus
ramus that goes posteriorly
dorsal ramus
what does dorsal ramus supply
vertebral column
joints of vc
intrinsic back muscles
suboccipital triangle
sensory to posterior trunk and scalp
lordosis caused by
weakened trunk musculature
obesity
pregnancy
kyphosis causes
erosion of anterior parts of vertebrae (osteoporosis)
affects of kyphosis
loss of height
hunchback
limits thoracic capacity
spinous process rotation in scoliosis
SPs rotate toward cavity of abnormal curvature
ribs in scoliosis
protrude on side of increased convexity
function of extrinsic back muscles
control limbs and minimal respiratory movements
intrinsic back muscles function
act on vertebral column
superficial back muscles include
trapezius, lattisimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae
3 parts of trapezius
upper- descending from skull
middle -horizontal
lower - ascending from vertebral column
actions of trapezius on scapula
Retraction
Upward rotation
Depression
Elevation
innervation of trapezius
spinal accessory n. (CN X1)
actions of latissimus dorsi on humerus
medial rotation
extension
adduction
“swimmers muscle”
latissimus dorsi
innervation of latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal n.
location of levator scapulae
deep to traps
attach at superior angle of scapula
actions of levator scapulae
elevation of scapula
stabilization of scapula
innervation of levator scapulae
dorsal scapular n
rhomboid major location
deep to traps
inferior to rhomboid minor
actions of rhomboid major on scapula
Retraction
Elevation
Downward rotation