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Anatomy > Vertebral Column/Back/Shoulder > Flashcards

Vertebral Column/Back/Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of vertebral column

A

protection
support of body weight (superior to pelvis)
axis for body and head
posture and locomotion

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2
Q

movements of vertebral column

A

flexion
extension
lateral flexion
rotation

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3
Q

kyphotic regions

A

thoracic and sacral

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4
Q

lordotic regions

A

cervical and lumbar

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5
Q

primary curvatures

A

thoracic and sacral

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6
Q

secondary curvatures

A

cervical and sacral

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7
Q

vertebral arch composed of

A

two pedicles and laminae

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8
Q

vertebral foramen formed by

A

vertebral arch and body

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9
Q

vertebral canal formed by

A

successive foramina from stacked vertebrae

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10
Q

intervertebral foramina formed by

A

super and inferior vertebral notches (spinal nerves pass through)

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11
Q

bifid configuration in all cervical vertebrae expect

A

C1 and C7

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12
Q

transverse costal facet articulates with

A

costal tubercle

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13
Q

coastal demifacets articulate with

A

coastal head

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14
Q

purpose of accessory process on lumbar vertebrae

A

deep back muscle attachment

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15
Q

L1 is level with

A

9th rib

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16
Q

attachments of nuchal ligment

A

external occipital tuberance
foramen magnum
spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

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17
Q

purpose of nuchal ligament

A

accommodates depth of cervical spinous processes
provides attachment point for muscles that attach to spinous processes

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18
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

attaches spinous processes of c7 to sacrum
merges with nuchal ligament

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19
Q

ventral horn fibers

A

anterior and motor

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20
Q

dorsal horn fibers

A

posterior and sensory

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21
Q

carries pre ganglionic sympathetic fibers from lateral horn

A

ventral horn

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22
Q

spinal nerve formed by

A

union of ventral and dorsal roots

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23
Q

spinal nerve gives rise to

A

dorsal and ventral rami

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24
Q

ventral ramus gives rise to

A

white and gray rami communicates

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25
Q

carries pre ganglionic sympathetic fibers to sympathetic trunk via

A

white rami

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26
Q

ramus that is typically larger

A

ventral ramus

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27
Q

ramus that helps form plexuses

A

ventral ramus

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28
Q

ramus that goes posteriorly

A

dorsal ramus

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29
Q

what does dorsal ramus supply

A

vertebral column
joints of vc
intrinsic back muscles
suboccipital triangle
sensory to posterior trunk and scalp

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30
Q

lordosis caused by

A

weakened trunk musculature
obesity
pregnancy

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31
Q

kyphosis causes

A

erosion of anterior parts of vertebrae (osteoporosis)

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32
Q

affects of kyphosis

A

loss of height
hunchback
limits thoracic capacity

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33
Q

spinous process rotation in scoliosis

A

SPs rotate toward cavity of abnormal curvature

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34
Q

ribs in scoliosis

A

protrude on side of increased convexity

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35
Q

function of extrinsic back muscles

A

control limbs and minimal respiratory movements

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36
Q

intrinsic back muscles function

A

act on vertebral column

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37
Q

superficial back muscles include

A

trapezius, lattisimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae

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38
Q

3 parts of trapezius

A

upper- descending from skull
middle -horizontal
lower - ascending from vertebral column

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39
Q

actions of trapezius on scapula

A

Retraction
Upward rotation
Depression
Elevation

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40
Q

innervation of trapezius

A

spinal accessory n. (CN X1)

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41
Q

actions of latissimus dorsi on humerus

A

medial rotation
extension
adduction

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42
Q

“swimmers muscle”

A

latissimus dorsi

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43
Q

innervation of latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal n.

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44
Q

location of levator scapulae

A

deep to traps
attach at superior angle of scapula

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45
Q

actions of levator scapulae

A

elevation of scapula
stabilization of scapula

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46
Q

innervation of levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular n

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47
Q

rhomboid major location

A

deep to traps
inferior to rhomboid minor

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48
Q

actions of rhomboid major on scapula

A

Retraction
Elevation
Downward rotation

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49
Q

innervation of rhomboid major

A

dorsal scapular n.

50
Q

rhomboid minor location

A

deep to traps
superior to rhomboid major

51
Q

rhomboid minor actions (on scapula)

A

Retraction
Elevation
Downward rotation

52
Q

innervation of rhomboid minor

A

dorsal scapular n.

53
Q

muscles innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

A

levator scapulae
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor

54
Q

intermediate extrinsic back muscles

A

serratus posterior superior (deep to rhomboids)
serratus posterior inferior (deep to lats)

55
Q

actions of intermediate extrinsic back muscles

A

superficial respiratory muscles
keep errectors in place
proprioceptive (sense body movements)

56
Q

general innervation of intermediate extrinsic back muscles

A

ventral rami (intercostal nn.)

57
Q

borders of triangle of auscultation

A

medial border of scapula
latissimus dorsi
trapezius

58
Q

clinical importance of triangle of auscultation

A

good area to hear lung sounds

59
Q

best position of triangle of auscultation

A

protract and flex trunk

60
Q

which parts of traps m. upwardly rotate the scapula

A

upper and middle parts

61
Q

which muscles retract the scapula

A

traps and rhomboids

62
Q

origin of transverse cervical artery

A

thyrocervical trunk

63
Q

nerve that transverse cervical artery a. runs with

A

spinal accessory (CN X1)

64
Q

origin of dorsal scapular artery

A

subclavian a.

65
Q

nerve that dorsal scapular artery runs with

A

dorsal scapular nerve

66
Q

origin of thoracodorsal a.

A

subscapular a.

67
Q

thoracodorsal a runs with what nerve?

A

thoracodorsal n.

68
Q

origin of vertebral a.

A

subclavian a.

69
Q

path of vertebral a.

A

enters at c6, up through transverse foramina, exits at c1
in suboccipital triangle

70
Q

vertebral a. supplies

A

structures in suboccipital region
one of major blood supply for brain

71
Q

thoracodorsal n. origin

A

posterior cord, brachial plexus

72
Q

dorsal scapular n origin

A

c5 root, brachial plexus

73
Q

function of rotator cuff mm.

A

reinforce joint

74
Q

function of glenoid labrum

A

deepens glennoid fossa

75
Q

weakness of glenohumeral joint

A

inferiorly - most common spot for shoulder dislocations

76
Q

movements of glenohumeral joint

A

ball and socket so flexion/extension, medial/lateral, rotation, ADD/ABD, circumduction

77
Q

contents of intertubercular groove of humerus

A

tendon of long head of biceps brachii m.

78
Q

muscles of rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

79
Q

muscles of scapular region

A

deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, subscapularis

80
Q

actions of 3 parts of deltoid

A

anterior - flexion, MR of humerus
middle - ABD of humerus 15-90 degrees
posterior - extension, lateral rotation of humerus

81
Q

innervation of deltoid

A

axillary n.

82
Q

teres major location

A

passes laterally from scapula to humerus anteriorly
inferior to teres minor

83
Q

actions of teres major

A

adduction and MR of humerus
assists with extension from flexed position

84
Q

innervation of teres major

A

lower subscapular n.

85
Q

supraspinatus location

A

superior to scapular spine

86
Q

only rotator cuff muscle that does not rotate humerus

A

supraspinatus

87
Q

action of supraspinatus

A

initiates ABD humerus (first 15 degrees)

88
Q

suitcase muscle

A

supraspinatus

89
Q

innervation of supraspinatus

A

suprascapular n.

90
Q

infraspinatus m. location

A

below scapular spine

91
Q

action of infraspinatus

A

lateral rotation of humerus

92
Q

innervation of infraspinatus

A

suprascapular n.

93
Q

teres minor location

A

superior to teres major
sometimes not distinguished from infraspinatus

94
Q

actions of teres minor

A

LR of humerus
assists with ADD of humerus

95
Q

innervation of teres minor

A

axillary n.

96
Q

subscapularis location

A

costal (anterior) surface of scapula

97
Q

actions of subscapularis

A

most powerful MR of humerus
assist ADD of humerus

98
Q

innervation of subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapular n.

99
Q

muscles that insert into greater tubercle of humerus

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

100
Q

origin of suprascapular n.

A

superior trunk of brachial plexus

101
Q

path of suprascapular n.

A

passes inferior to transverse scapular ligament

102
Q

suprascapular nerve innervates

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus mm.

103
Q

origin of axillary n.

A

posterior cord of brachial plexus

104
Q

axillary n. path

A

passes through quadrangular space

105
Q

axillary n. innervates

A

deltoid and teres minor

106
Q

axillary n. cutaneous innervation

A

superior lateral arm

107
Q

origin of upper and lower subscapular n.

A

posterior cord brachial plexus

108
Q

upper subscapular n. innervates

A

subscapularis m.

109
Q

lower subscapularis m. innervates

A

teres major and subscapularis

110
Q

purpose of muscular spaces

A

point of passage for anterior structures to go posterior

111
Q

quadrangular space borders

A

teres major and minor, long head of triceps brachii, and surgical neck of humerus

112
Q

contents of quadrangular space

A

posterior humeral circumflex artery
axillary n.

113
Q

triangular space borders

A

teres major and minor, long head of triceps brachii

114
Q

contents of triangular space

A

circumflex scapular a.

115
Q

triangular interval borders

A

long and lateral head of triceps brachii, teres major

116
Q

contents of triangular interval

A

radial n.
profunda brachii. a

117
Q

axillary n. mechanism of injury

A

fracture of surgical neck of humerus
shoulder dislocation
injection
crutches

118
Q

affects of axillary n. damage

A

loss of rounded shoulder
weakness in abd above 15 degrees
sensory loss on superolateral arm

119
Q

rotator cuff mechanism of injury

A

overuse in position above horizontal

120
Q

rotator cuff injury causes

A

instability of glenohumeral joint

121
Q

most common muscle injured in rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus
prone to wear on acromion

122
Q

complete rotator cuff tear causes

A

unable to initiate ABD
passive initiation of ABD

Anatomy (5 decks)

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