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Anatomy > Pectoral Region, Axilla, Arm > Flashcards

Pectoral Region, Axilla, Arm Flashcards

1
Q

anterior axioappendicular muscles

A

pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
subclavius
serratus anterior

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2
Q

function of anterior axioappendicular muscles

A

act on pectoral girdle (connects upper limbs to bones along axis)

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3
Q

pectoralis major heads

A

clavicular head
sternal head
can work together or separate

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4
Q

actions of pectoralis major

A

ADD and MR of humerus
clavicular head - flexion of humerus
sternal head- extension of humerus from flexed postion

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5
Q

innervation of pectoralis major

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerve

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6
Q

deltopectoral groove

A

area between anterior deltoid and pec major

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7
Q

deltopectoral groove contents

A

cephalic vein

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8
Q

borders of deltopectoral triangle

A

anterior deltoid
pectoralis major
clavicle

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9
Q

contents of deltopectoral traingle

A

cephalic vein
branches of thoracacromial trunk
tip of coracoid process laterally

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10
Q

pectoralis minor location

A

inferior to pec major

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11
Q

pec minor divides what?

A

axillary artery into its parts

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12
Q

actions of pectoralis minor

A

scapular stabilization
accessory muscle of inspiration

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13
Q

innervation of pec minor

A

medial pectoral n. (pierces muscle body)

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14
Q

subclavius

A

inferior to clavicle
some protection to subclavian vessels and brachial plexus

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15
Q

actions of subclavius

A

anchors and depressed clavicle

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16
Q

innervation of subclavius

A

N. to subclavius

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17
Q

serratus anterior locations

A

sits between subscapularis m and thoracic wall

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18
Q

actions of serratus anterior

A

protraction of scapula
upward rotation of scapula (inferior fibers)
fixes scapula against thoracic wall

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19
Q

innervation of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic n.

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20
Q

boxers muscle

A

serratus anterior

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21
Q

artery supplies serratus anterior

A

lateral thoracic artery

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22
Q

origin of cephalic vein

A

lateral part of dorsal arch of hand

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23
Q

cephalic v. path

A

ascends along lateral aspect
enters deltopectoral groove, then deltopectoral triangle

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24
Q

termination of cephalic

A

drains into axillary vein in deltopectoral

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25
Q

N. subclavius origin

A

superior trunk of brachial plexus

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26
Q

N to subclavius innervates

A

subclavius

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27
Q

origin of long thoracic nerve

A

origin C5-7 nerve roots of VPR (ventral primary rami)`

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28
Q

long throacic nerve innervates

A

serratus anterior m

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29
Q

lateral pectoral n. origin

A

lateral cord of brachial plexus

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30
Q

lateral pectoral n. innervates

A

pectorlais major

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31
Q

medial pectoral n. origin

A

medial cord of brachial plexus

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32
Q

medial pectoral nerve innervates

A

pectoralis major and minor

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33
Q

mechanism of injury to long thoracic n.

A

when limb is elevated becomes at risk (knife fight)
mastectomy
idiopathic

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34
Q

effect of injury to long thoracic n.

A

medial border of scapula pulls away from thoracic wall
ABD
sensation - no loss

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35
Q

clinical condition of injury to long thoracic nerve

A

winged scapula

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36
Q

actions of pec major as a whole

A

ADD and medial rotation of humerus

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37
Q

where does cephalic v. drain/terminate

A

axillary vein through deltopectoral triangle

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38
Q

what roots form long thoracic n.

A

C5-C7

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39
Q

if long thoracic n. injured what action might become difficult

A

protraction and upward rotation of scpaula

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40
Q

axillary artery origin

A

direct continuation of subclavian artery
begins at lateral border of 1st rib

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41
Q

termination of axillary artery

A

ends at inferior border of teres major
becomes brachial artery

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42
Q

axillary branches

A

Superior thoracic a.
Thoracoacromial trunk
Lateral thoracic a.
Subscapular a.
Anterior humeral circumflex a.
Posterior humeral circumflex a.

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43
Q

5 groups of axillary lymph nodes

A

pectoral
subscapular
humeral
central
apical

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44
Q

pectoral lymph nodes

A

anterior thoracic wall and breast (75%)

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45
Q

subscapular lymph nodes

A

posterior thoracic wall and scapula

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46
Q

humeral lymph nodes

A

majority of upper limb

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47
Q

central lymph nodes

A

pectoral, subscapular, humeral

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48
Q

apical lymph nodes

A

lymph from central nodes and nodes that follow cephalic v.

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49
Q

arrangement of axillary lymph nodes

A

pyramidal in shape like axilla
pectoral , humeral, and subscapular forms triangular base, flow to central nodes, then to apical nodes

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50
Q

which nodes receive all lymph from axillary nodes

A

supraclavicular nodes

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51
Q

brachial plexus location

A

begins in neck and extends to axilla
exits neck between anterior and middle scalene mm.

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52
Q

brachial plexus us union of what?

A

ventral primary rami of C5-C8 and T1
only ventral, dorsal running posterior

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53
Q

roots of superior trunk

A

C5 and C6

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54
Q

roots of middle trunk

A

C7

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55
Q

roots of inferior trunks

A

C8 and T1

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56
Q

divisions of brachial plexus

A

anterior and posterior
deep to clavicle

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57
Q

T1 root is at level of?

A

1st thoracic vertebrae

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58
Q

lateral cord of brachial plexus

A

anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

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59
Q

posterior cord

A

posterior division of all trunks

60
Q

medial cord

A

anterior division of inferior trunk

61
Q

cords are named in relation to?

A

axillary artery

62
Q

causes of brachial plexus lesions

A

pathology, trauma, compression

63
Q

upper brachial plexus lesions affects

A

more proximal mm.

64
Q

lower brachial plexus injuries affects

A

more distal mm.

65
Q

results of brachial plexus injuries

A

paralysis- complete or incomplete
anesthesia- inability to feel pain
(or both)

66
Q

upper brachial plexus injury caused by

A

excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder

67
Q

nerve roots damaged in upper brachial plexus injury

A

C5- 6, superior trunk

68
Q

associated with upper brachial plexus injury

A

erb’s duchenne’s palsy

69
Q

muscles affects in upper brachial plexus injury(erb’s duchennes)

A

supra/infra spinatus, teres minor, deltoid, bicep brachii and brachialis mm.

70
Q

clinical presentation of upper brachial plexus injury (erbs duchennes)

A

waiters tip
ADD, MR and extention

71
Q

sensory loss in upper brachial plexus injuries

A

superior lateral brachial cutaneous
lateral antebrachial cutanueou

72
Q

lower brachial plexus injury caused by

A

(less common)
sudden upward pull on upper limb
grasping something to break fall
baby upper limb being pulled
swinging young child by arm

73
Q

roots affected in lower brachial plexus injury

A

C8/T1
inferior trunk

74
Q

lower brachial plexus injury palsy

A

Klumpke’s palsy - ulnar n affected

75
Q

clinical presentation of lower brachial plexus injury

A

claw hand
unopposed action of extensors

76
Q

muscles affected in lower brachial plexus injury

A

flexor carpi ulnaris m.
flexor digitorum profundus m. (medial 1/2)

77
Q

which side is the hand drawn to in lower brachial plexus injuries

A

lateral (no opposition to median n.)

78
Q

sensory loss in lower brachial plexus injuries

A

skin of palmar and dorsal aspects of medial 1/2 digits

79
Q

brachium

A

arm
shoulder to elbow

80
Q

continuities of brachial fascia

A

pectoral fascia -superiorly
antebrachial fascia - inferiorly

81
Q

compartments of arm

A

anterior- innervated by musculocutaneous n
posterior - innervated by radial n

82
Q

muscles of anterior compartment of arm

A

coracobrachialis m
biceps brachii m
brachialis m

83
Q

functions of anterior compartment of arm

A

flexion and supination

84
Q

muscles of posterior compartment of arm

A

triceps brachii m

85
Q

function of posterior compartment of arm

86
Q

coracobrachialis

A

small muscle located superomedially in arm

87
Q

coracobrachialis innervation

A

pierced by musculocutaneous

88
Q

coracobrachialis function

A

flexion and ADD of arm

89
Q

biceps brachii heads

A

long head- lateral
short head- medial

90
Q

biceps brachii joints crossed

A

long head- shoulder and elbow
short head- just elbow

91
Q

actions of biceps brachii

A

most powerful supinator of forearm
flexion of supinated forearm
assists with shoulder flexion

92
Q

innervation of biceps brachii

A

musculocutaneous n

93
Q

long head of biceps passes through?

A

glenohumeral joint cavity

94
Q

bicipital aponeurosis

A

from biceps brachii tendon across cubital fossa
merges with antebrachial fascia medially
passes over brachial artery and median n.

95
Q

brachialis location

A

deep to biceps brachii

96
Q

brachialis m action

A

primary flexor of forearm
flex in all postitions

97
Q

innervation of brachialis

A

musculocutaneous and radial n.

98
Q

biceps tendinitis

A

wear and tear of long head biceps brachii tendon in IT groove

99
Q

causes of biceps tendinitis

A

repetitive micro trauma
common in sports with a raquet or throwing

100
Q

result of biceps tendinitis

A

tenderness/pain
crepitus (crackling)

101
Q

rupture of tendon of biceps brachii long head caused by

A

usually in those 35 and older
chronic tendinitis
repetitive overhead movements (swimming/pitching)
forceful flexion of arm against excessive resistance

102
Q

damage from rupture of tendon of biceps brachii long head

A

tendon usually tears from supraglenoid tubercle

103
Q

results of rupture of biceps brachii tendon

A

dramatic snap or pop
detached muscle belly balls up near anterior of arm
“popeye” deformity

104
Q

muscles affected in injury to musculocutaneous n

A

muscles of anterior compartment of arm

105
Q

functions affected in injury to musculocutaneous n

A

flexion of elbow
shoulder flexion
supination of forearm

106
Q

sensory loss in injury to musculocutaneous n

A

anterolateral and posterolateral forearm
via lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.

107
Q

triceps brachii heads

A

long head, lateral head, medial (deep) head

108
Q

joints crossed in triceps brachii

A

long head - crosses shoulder and elbow
other heads - only elbow

109
Q

actions of triceps brachii

A

main extensor of forearm
long head assists with shoulder extension

110
Q

innervation of triceps brachii

111
Q

anconeous location

A

on posterolateral aspect of elbow
not considered part of posterior arm or forearm
“homeless”

112
Q

anconeous actions

A

assists with forearm extension
tenses capsule of elbow joint(keeps it from getting pinched)

113
Q

anconeous innervation

114
Q

what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of arm? exception?

A

musculocutaneous
brachialis - radial n.

115
Q

what artery and nerve lie deep to bicipital aponeurosis?

A

brachial artery, median n.

116
Q

what muscles in the arm cross the shoulder and elbow joint?

A

long head of triceps and biceps brachii

117
Q

brachial artery origin

A

inferior border of teres major
direct continuation of axillary a.
runs with median n through arm

118
Q

termination of brachial artery

A

radial and ulnar aa in cubital fossa

119
Q

profunda brachii a. origin

A

1st named branch off of brachial a.
runs with radial n in radial groove

120
Q

cephalic vein

A

communicates at elbow with median cubital vein
lateral to biceps brachii

121
Q

cephalic vein termination

A

drains into axillary v. in deltopectoral triangle

122
Q

median cubital vein

A

commonly used for veinipuncture
cross cubital fossa
joins cephalic and basilic vein

123
Q

musculocutaneous n. origin

A

lateral cord of brachial plexus

124
Q

musculocutaneous n. path

A

pierces coracobracialis m.
continues laterally deep to biceps brachii m

125
Q

termination of musculocutaneous n.

A

lateral to tendon of biceps brachii
lateral antebrachial cutaneous

126
Q

radial n origin

A

posterior cord of brachial plexus

127
Q

radial n. innervation

A

posterior compartment of arm

128
Q

radial n. path

A

transverses radial groove
pierces lateral intermuscular septum
splits at level of lateral epicondyle

129
Q

branches of radial n.

A

inferior lateral brachial, posterior brachial, posterior antebrachial cutaneous nn.

130
Q

radial n. termination

A

superficial and deep radial nn.

131
Q

injury to radial n.

A

most commonly injured nerve
symptoms depend on level of injury

132
Q

injury to radial n. in axilla

A

superior to origin of all branches

133
Q

muscles affects in injury to radial n. in axilla

A

triceps brachii, brachioradialis, supinator, and extensors of wrist and digits

134
Q

causes of injury to radial n. in axilla

A

improper use of crutches
falling asleep with arm over chair (saturday night palsy)
posterior shoulder location

135
Q

characteristic disability of injury to radial n. in axilla

A

wrist drop

136
Q

sensation loss of injury to radial n. in axilla

A

areas in red slide 49

137
Q

injury to radial n. at humeral shaft

A

usually doesn’t affect triceps brachii (can weaken)
medial head affected - lose purposeful extension of arm
all posterior forearm mm.

138
Q

causses of injury to radial n. at humeral shaft

A

fracture to injury at humeral shaft

139
Q

characteristic of injury to radial n. at humeral shaft

A

wrist drop

140
Q

sensation loss of injury to radial n. at humeral shaft

A

loss of sensation in dorsum of hand and lateral digits
superficial radial n.

141
Q

cubital fossa borders

A

brachioradialis - lateral
pronator teres - medial
line between medial and lateral epicondyles - base
supinator and brachialis- floor
skin, fascia, bicipital aponerosis - roof

141
Q

cubital fossa borders

A

brachioradialis - lateral
pronator teres - medial
line between medial and lateral epicondyles - base
supinator and brachialis- floor
skin, fascia, bicipital aponerosis - roof

142
Q

contents of cubital fossa

A

brachial a.
deep vv.
biceps brachii t.
median n.
radial n.

143
Q

superficial structures of cubital fossa

A

median cubital vein- anterior to brachial a.
medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nn.
skin, fascia, bicipital aponeurosis

144
Q

what nerve is found lateral to biceps brachii?/ medial

A

radial n. / median n.

145
Q

where would loss of sensation be if radial n was injured in axilla?

A

posterior arm, forearm, dorsum of hand and lateral digits

Anatomy (5 decks)

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