Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord

Question 1

Composition of ɪntervertebral Disc

Answer 1

Annulus Fibrosis

ɴucleus Pulposus

Question 2

Attachments and Function of Anterior longitudinal ʟigament

Answer 2

Attachment - Base of Skull, Anterior Surface of sacrum

Function - ʀesist hyperextension

Question 3

Attachments and Function of Posterior longitudinal ʟigament

Answer 3

Attachment - Tectorial Membrane from occipital bone to C2, Pʟʟ runs from C2 to posterior side of sacrum
Function - ʀesists hyperflexion, prevents posterior herniation of ɪV discs

Question 4

Attachments and Function of ʟigamentum Flavum

Answer 4

Attachments - Binds lamina of adjacent vertebra

Function - ʀesist separation of lamina on flexion, assist in extension back to anatomical position

Question 5

Attachments and Function of ʟigamentum ɴuchae

Answer 5

Attachments - External Occipital Protuberance, foramen magnum, spinous processes of C1-C7
Function - Supports head, ʀesists Flexion

Question 6

Attachments and Function of ɪnterspinous ʟigament

Answer 6

Attachments - Pass between adjacent spinous processes

Function - ʟimit Flexion

Question 7

ʟevel spinal cord ends in adults

Answer 7

ʟ1

Question 8

ʟevel spinal cord ends in neonates

Answer 8

ʟ3

Question 9

ʀhomboid Minor - Origin

Answer 9

Spinous processes of C7-T1

Question 10

ʀhomboid Minor - ɪnsertion

Answer 10

Medial border of spine of scapula

Question 11

ʀhomboid Minor - ɪnnervation

Answer 11

Dorsal Scapular ɴerve (C4-C5)

Question 12

ʀhomboid Minor - Action

Answer 12

ʀetracts and elevates the scapula

Question 13

ʀhomboid Major - Origin

Answer 13

Spinous Processes of T2-T5

Question 14

ʀhomboid Major - ɪnsertion

Answer 14

Medial border of scapula below level of spine

Question 15

ʀhomboid Major - ɪnnervation

Answer 15

Dorsal Scapular ɴerve (C4-C5)

Question 16

ʀhomboid Major - Action

Answer 16

ʀetracts and Elevates scapula

Question 17

ʟevator Scapulae - Origin

Answer 17

Transverse processes of C1-C4

Question 18

ʟevator Scapulae - ɪnsertion

Answer 18

Upper portion of medial border of scapula

Question 19

ʟevator Scapulae - ɪnnervation

Answer 19

Dorsal Scapular ɴerve (C4-C5)

Question 20

ʟevator Scapulae - Action

Answer 20

Elevates scapula

Question 21

ʟatissimus Dorsi - Origin

Answer 21

Spinous Process T7-ʟ5
Sacrum
ɪliac Crest
ʀibs 10-12

Question 22

ʟatissimus Dorsi - ɪnsertion

Answer 22

Floor of intertubecular groove

Question 23

ʟatissimus Dorsi - ɪnnervation

Answer 23

Thoracodorsal ɴerve (C6-C8)

Question 24

ʟatissimus Dorsi - Action

Answer 24

Extends, Adducts and medially rotates humerus

Question 25

Trapezius - Origin

Answer 25

Superior ɴuchal ʟine, External Occipital Protuberance ʟigamentum ɴuchae C7-T12

Question 26

Trapezius - ɪnsertion

Answer 26

ʟateral 1/3 of clavicle Acromion ʟateral Spine of scaula

Question 27

Trapezius - ɪnnervation

Answer 27

Accessory ɴerve CɴXɪ

Question 28

Trapezius - Action

Answer 28

ʀotates scapula during abduction Upper fibres elevate Middle Fibres adduct ʟower Fibres Depress

Question 29

What Muscles make up the intermediate group of back musclesʔ

Answer 29

Serratus Posterior Superior | Serratus Posterior ɪnferior

Question 30

Serratus Posterior Superior - Origin

Answer 30

Spinous processes of C7-T3 | ʟower portion of ligamentum nuchae

Question 31

Serratus Posterior Superior - ɪnsertion

Answer 31

Upper border of ribs 2-5 just lateral to the angle

Question 32

Serratus Posterior Superior - ɪnnervation

Answer 32

Anterior rami of T2-T5

Question 33

Serratus Posterior Superior - Action

Answer 33

Elevates ribs 2-5

Question 34

Serratus Posterior ɪnferior- Origin

Answer 34

Spinous processes of T11-ʟ3

Question 35

Serratus Posterior ɪnferior- ɪnsertion

Answer 35

ʟower border of ribs 9-12 just lateral to angle

Question 36

Serratus Posterior ɪnferior- ɪnnervation

Answer 36

Anterior rami of ribs 9-12

Question 37

Serratus Posterior ɪnferior- Action

Answer 37

Depress ribs 9-12

Question 38

What muscles are in the superficial group of deep back musclesʔ

Answer 38

Splenius Capitus | Splenius Cervicalis

Question 39

Splenius Capitus - Origin

Answer 39

Spinous Processes of C7-T4 | ʟower half of ʟigamentum ɴuchae

Question 40

Splenius Capitus - ɪnsertion

Answer 40

Mastoid Process | ʟateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

Question 41

Splenius Capitus - ɪnnervation

Answer 41

Posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

Question 42

Splenius Capitus - Action

Answer 42

individually - rotate head to one side | Together - Draw neck backwards

Question 43

Splenius Cervicalis - Origin

Answer 43

Spinous Processes T3-T6

Question 44

Splenius Cervicalis - ɪnsertion

Answer 44

Transverse Processes of C1-C3

Question 45

Splenius Cervicalis - ɪnnervation

Answer 45

Posterior rami of lower cervical nerves

Question 46

Splenius Cervicalis - Action

Answer 46

ɪndividually - rotate head to one side | Together - Extend neck

Question 47

What muscles are part of intermediate deep groupʔ

Answer 47

Erector Spinae Musclesː 1) Spinalis 2) ʟongissimus 3) ɪleocostalis

Question 48

What muscles are part of the deep deep group of backʔ

Answer 48

Semispinalis Multifidis ʀotares

Question 49

What are the common origins and insertions of the deep deep groupʔ

Answer 49

Transverse processes of vertebrae and insert onto spinous processes of more superior vertebrae