Living Anatomy

Question 1

The shape of the gluteal region is due to what muscle?

Answer 1

Gluteus Maximus

Question 2

What is the gluteal fold?

Answer 2

Inferior border of gluteus maximus

Separates the gluteal and posterior thigh muscles

Question 3

Iliac Crests are what level?

Answer 3

L4

Question 4

PSIS are what level?

Answer 4

S2

Question 5

Significance of the PSIS level

Answer 5

Permanent Dimples at level
Line passes through the middle of sacroiliac joint and the bifurcation of iliac arteries
Termination of subarachnoid mater

Question 6

What level is a lumbar puncture likely to be carried out?

Answer 6

L4/L5

Question 7

Borders of Femoral Triangle

Answer 7

Superiorly - Inguinal Ligament
Laterally - Medial border of sartorius muscle
Medially - Medial border of adductor longus muscle
Roof - Fascia Lata
Floor - Iliopsoas, Pectineus, Adductor Longus

Question 8

Contents of Femoral Triangle

Answer 8

Femoral nerve, artery, vein and lymph nodes

Question 9

Borders of Popliteal fossa

Answer 9

Superomedial - Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus
Superolateral - Biceps Femoris
Inferior - Medial and Lateral heads of gastrocnemius

Question 10

Contents of Popliteal Fossa (superficial to deep)

Answer 10

Tibial Nerve
Common Fibular Nerve
Small Saphenous Vein
Popliteal vein
Popliteal artery

Question 11

Where is the femoral pulse point?

Answer 11

Half way between ASIS and pubic tubercle

Slightly inferior to inguinal ligament

Question 12

Where is the popliteal pulse point?

Answer 12

Knee flexed, foot resting on the ground, hamstrings relaxed

In popliteal fossa

Question 13

Where is the posterior tibial artery pulse point?

Answer 13

Posterior to medial malleolus (about halfway between medial malleolus and calcaneus)

Question 14

Where is the dorsalis pedis pulse point?

Answer 14

Lateral to tendon of extensor hallucis longus on dorsal side of foot

Question 15

Describe the course of the Great Saphenous Vein

Answer 15

• originates where dorsal vein of big toe merges with dorsal venous arch
• passes anteriorly to medial malleolus and runs up medial side of leg
• at knee, passes posterior over medial femoral epicondyle
• courses anteriorly and enters femoral triangle at saphenous hiatus where it drains into femoral vein

Question 16

Describe the course of the Small Saphenous Vein

Answer 16

• Originates where dorsal vein of 5th digit merges with dorsal venous arch
• Courses inferior to lateral malleolus along posterior aspect of leg
• Runs with sural nerve in between the heads of gastrocnemius
• Drains into popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

Question 17

Best place to test L3 dermatome

Answer 17

Medial epicondyle of femur

Question 18

Best place to test L5 dermatome

Answer 18

Dorsum of foot at 3rd metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 19

Best place to test L3-L4 myotome

Answer 19

Knee Extension

Question 20

Best place to test S1-S2 dermatome

Answer 20

Ankle plantarflexion

Question 21

Ankle Reflex - vertebral level tested and observation

Answer 21

S1-S2

Foot jerk plantarflexion as gastrocnemius contracts

Question 22

Knee reflex - vertebral level tested and observation

Answer 22

L3-L4

Quads muscle should contract and extend the knee