Vertebral Column and Spinal Chord Flashcards
Spinous Process Transverse Process
Vertibral Body Vertibral foramen
Articular Process Pedicles
Transverse Foramen
Axis
Dens
Atlas
What foramen is only in the cervical vertebrae? The vertibral artery passes through it (except the 7th cervical)
Erector Spinae Muscles
What muscles are extensors of the trunk and deep muscles of the back? They consist of the spinalis, longissimus, ilicostalis (from inside to out). They are innervated by dorsal rami of the spinal nerves.
Epidural Space
Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus
What occupies the space between the dura and the bone of the vertibral canal?
What runs through this space? It has valveless veins so blood can flow in either direction. It is connected veins outside the vertibral column via the intervertibral foramen.
Dura Mater
What is the tough covering that encloses the spinal cord? It is separated by teh bones of the vertebral column by the epidural space (composed of veins and fat)
Posterior Sacral formina
Sacral Hiatus
What do the posterior rami exit the sacrum from? The intervertibral foramen are replaced by this structure in the sacrum.
What is the inferior part of the sacrum called?
Arachnoid
Subarachnoid Space
Pia Mater
Denticulate Ligaments
Subdural Space
Arachnoid
Subarachnoid Space
Pia mater
Denticulate ligaments
Definition…
Upon opening the dura, one enters the subdural space. This space does not exist in the living individual, but the dura separates from the underlying arachnoid membrane to create this space in the cadaver. It is a potential space in the living, especially in the case of the cranial meninges. Beneath the dura is the arachnoid membrane (green arrows), under which is the subarachnoid space containing the CSF. The pia is intimately attached to the spinal cord. The denticulate ligaments are formed by the pia, extend from the spinal cord to pierce the arachnoid membrane and attach to the dura.
Conus Medullaris
Internal terminal Filum
Cauda Equina
Dura/arachnoid
Lumbar Cistern
The spinal cord (sacral cord segments) typically ends at the caudal portion the second lumbar vertebra. The pia continues as the internal medullary filum and fuses with the arachnoid and dura at approximately the second segment of the sacrum. The fused dura, arachnoid and pia continue as the external medullary filum to attach to the coccyx. The lower sacral segments of the spinal cord are referred to as the conus medullaris. After the spinal cord ends, the subarachnoid space with its CSF is called the lumbar cistern. It is occupied by the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves. This cluster of nerves is referred to as the cauda equina (horse’s tail).
Dorsal and Ventral Roots
Dorsal and Ventral Rami
*Note: Probably can only see dorsal roots on cadaver…
Spinous Process Transverse Process
Vertibral Body Vertibral foramen
Articular Process Pedicles
What foramen is only in the cervical vertebrae? The vertibral artery passes through it (except the 7th cervical)
Transverse Foramen
Axis
Dens
Atlas
What muscles are extensors of the trunk and deep muscles of the back? They consist of the spinalis, longissimus, ilicostalis (from inside to out). They are innervated by dorsal rami of the spinal nerves.
Erector Spinae Muscles
What occupies the space between the dura and the bone of the vertibral canal?
What runs through this space? It has valveless veins so blood can flow in either direction. It is connected veins outside the vertibral column via the intervertibral foramen.
Epidural Space
Internal Vertebral Venous Plexus
What is the tough covering that encloses the spinal cord? It is separated by teh bones of the vertebral column by the epidural space (composed of veins and fat)
Dura Mater
What do the posterior rami exit the sacrum from? The intervertibral foramen are replaced by this structure in the sacrum.
What is the inferior part of the sacrum called?
Posterior Sacral formina
Sacral Hiatus
Arachnoid
Subarachnoid Space
Pia Mater
Denticulate Ligaments
The spinal cord (sacral cord segments) typically ends at the caudal portion the second lumbar vertebra. The pia continues as the internal medullary filum and fuses with the arachnoid and dura at approximately the second segment of the sacrum. The fused dura, arachnoid and pia continue as the external medullary filum to attach to the coccyx. The lower sacral segments of the spinal cord are referred to as the conus medullaris. After the spinal cord ends, the subarachnoid space with its CSF is called the lumbar cistern. It is occupied by the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves. This cluster of nerves is referred to as the cauda equina (horse’s tail).
Conus Medullaris
Internal terminal Filum
Cauda Equina
Dura/arachnoid
Lumbar Cistern
Dorsal and Ventral Roots
Dorsal and Ventral Rami
*Note: Probably can only see dorsal roots on cadaver…
