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MSK 1 > Vertebral Column and Back Muscles > Flashcards

Vertebral Column and Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

list 5 categories of vertebrae w/ number of segments

A 
cervical-7
thoracic- 12
lumbar-5
sacral-5
coccygeal-4
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2
Q

distinguishing feature of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

A

c= transverse foramen for vertebral artery

t= costal articulations

l= large for weight bearing

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3
Q

primary and secondary curves

A

primary= thoracic and sacral
(same direction in fetal column)
secondary= cervical and lumbar
(compensate for fetal curve)

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4
Q

kyphosis vs lordosis vs scoliosis

A

kyphosis- excess thoracic curve

lordosis- excess lumbar curve

scoliosis- abnormal lateral curve

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5
Q

bony strut b/w superior and inferior articular processes

A

pars intra articularis- common site of fracture in spinal injury

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6
Q

facet joints

A

aka zygapophysial joints- synovial joints b/w superior and inferior articular processes

very little gliding motion individually, significant amount collectively (lots in total)

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7
Q

IV discs

A

designed for adherence and strength, not synovial

tightly adhere to surface of vertebral bodies

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8
Q

2 components of IV discs

A

outer annulus fibrosis- very strong and adherent

inner nucleus pulposus- gelatinous central mass w/ high water content, acts as shock absorber

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9
Q

in b/w facet joints and IV discs (potential patho?)

A

intervertebral foramina- openings for spinal nerves

if disc compresses/degenerates or facet joint is arthritic, foramen shrinks and compresses spinal nerve

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10
Q

contrast orientation of articular processes in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

A

c= 45 degrees of horizontal plane

t= frontal plane

l= sagittal plan

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11
Q

why different orientation of facet joints?

A

determines motion of segments of spine-
c= multiaxial motion
t=rotation
l=flexion/extension

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12
Q

main regions for motion in spine

A

cervical and lumbar- more susceptible to injiury esp cervical (most motion)

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13
Q

significance of cervicothoraci and thoracolumbar junction

A

flexible to rigid transition and rigid to flexible, respectively

common sites for fractures

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14
Q

articulation of atlas and axis

A

dens of axis articulates w/ anterior arch facet of atlas

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15
Q

atlanto occipital joint

A

synovial joint b/w C1 and atlas, allows for nodding yes

fractures of C1 called jefferson fracture, often multiple spots of fracture

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16
Q

atlantoaxial joints

A

3 b/w atlas and axis

median b/w dens and anterior arch of C1

2 lateral are synovial b/w articular facets

allow for shaking head no

17
Q

hangmans fracture

A

fracture of axis- usually dens or odontoid process which can displace and injure spinal cord

18
Q

how many spinal nerves

A

31 total- 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

19
Q

ventral root conveys

A

somatic motor efferent

20
Q

dorsal root conveys

A

somatic sensory afferent

21
Q

cell body location in motor vs sensory somatic

A

motor- ventral horn of gray matter

sensory- dorsal root ganglion

22
Q

dorsal rami fn

A

innervate skin of back and intrinsic (true) back muscles

23
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies- prevents hyperextension

24
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

posterior surface of bodies, located inside vertebral canal near spinal cord

25
Q

supraspinous ligament (and cervical component)

A

connects spinous processes from sacrum to C7

ligamentum nuchae in cervical, attachement for many cervical muscles

26
Q

ligamentum flavum

A

yellow elastic fibers connecting adjacent lamina, lays along anterior wall of vertebral arch

prevent hyperflexion

27
Q

superficial back muscles

A

aka extrinsic, really more of upper limb muscles than back

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids

28
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

inserts on bicipital groove of humerus

extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus

innervated by thoracodorsal nerve (ventral rami of C6, 7 and 8)

29
Q

trapezius

A

inserts on clavical, acromion, and spine of scapula

elevates, rotates, retracts scapula (shrug)

innervated by spinal accessory (CN 11)

30
Q

intermediate muscles

A

serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

less important, help w/ respiration

31
Q

3 further divisions of deep muscles

A

superficial- splenius muscles in cervical

intermediate- erector spinae complex

deepest- transversospinalis complex

32
Q

innervation of deep muscles

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

33
Q

erector spinae complex

A

3 masses- from lateral to medial

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis (I Like Standing)

posture, extension, stability of vertebral column

34
Q

transversospinalis complex

A

deepest layer, 3 segments

semispinallis- superficial and longest

multifidus- intermediate

rotatores- deepest and shortest

posture, rotation, proprioceptive fn

MSK 1 (10 decks)

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