Forearm and Elbow

Question 1

insertion site for biceps brachii

Answer 1

radial tuberosity

Question 2

brachialis attachment

Answer 2

ulnar tuberosity

Question 3

interosseus membrane

Answer 3

connect radius and ulna

attachment for many forearm muscles

separates anterior and posterior compartments

Question 4

interosseus membrane role in FOOSH

Answer 4

coursing inferomedially, the fibers pull ulna up when radius is pushed up, transferring force up to humerus

Question 5

colles fracture

Answer 5

distal radius fracture, from FOOSH

distal radial fragment displaces dorsally, appears as dinner fork deformity

Question 6

carpal bones that articulate w/ distal radius

Answer 6

scaphoid and lunate

Question 7

cubital fossa

Answer 7

triangular depression anterior to elbow

passage of brachial artery and median nerve

Question 8

extensor retinaculum vs palmar carpal ligament

Answer 8

fascial thickenings of antebrachial fascia by the wrist

extensor is posterior, palmar carpal ligament is anterior

Question 9

flexor retinaculum

Answer 9

distal fascia thickening to the palmar carpal ligament

roof of carpal tunnel

aka transverse carpal ligament

Question 10

brachioradialis

Answer 10

flexor of elbow joint

innervated by radial nerve (exception to the rule, radial normally extensor)

attaches arm to radius

Question 11

supinator

Answer 11

supinates forearm and hand

deep radial nerve

Question 12

contrast anterior and posterior compartments of forearm

Answer 12

anterior- flexor or pronator

posterior- extensor or supinator

flex/extend applies to digits and writs

Question 13

anterior compartment superficial muscles 5

Answer 13

1. pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris
5. flexor digitorum superficialis

name describes fn and location, all innervated by median nerve EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve)

Question 14

golfers elbow

Answer 14

medial epicondylitis- inflammation of common origin of the superficial flexors

Question 15

3 deep flexor pronators

Answer 15

1. flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
2. flexor pollicis longus
3. pronator quadratus

all innervated by anterior interosseus nerve (AIN) EXCEPT medial half of FDP which is innervated by ulnar nerve

Question 16

pronator muslces

Answer 16

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Question 17

describe pronation of forearm

Answer 17

initiated by pronator quadratus, pulls distal radius over ulna

pronator teres assists w/ more speed and power

Question 18

digit flexion muscles

Answer 18

FDS and FDP

Question 19

flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 19

give rise for four tendons thru carpal tunnel, splits and inserts into middle phalanx of 2-5 digits

flexes digits at proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 20

FDP (profundus)

Answer 20

inserts onto distal phalanx of 2-5 digits

flexes at distal interphalangeal joint

dual innervation! ulnar nerve controls medial 4 and 5 digits, AIN branch of median nerve controls lateral 2 and 3 digit

Question 21

3 groups of extensor posterior muscles

Answer 21

extensors of wrist

extensor of digits

extensors/abductors of thumb

all innervated by radial nerve or branch of radial

Question 22

origin of extensors

Answer 22

many from common tendon/origin on lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 23

tennis elbow

Answer 23

lateral epicondylitis- inflammation of common origin of extensors

Question 24

3 extensors of writs

Answer 24

extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor carpi ulnaris

innervated by radial nerve

stabilize and extend wrist

Question 25

3 extensors of digitorum

Answer 25

extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor indicis (deeper belly) all radial innervation long tendons of these insert into extensor expansion (hood)) of digits)

Question 26

extensors/abductors of thumb

Answer 26

abductor pollicus longus extensor pollicus brevis extensor pollicus longus aka outcropping muscles, boundaries of snuffbox intricate and precise movements of thumb

Question 27

tendons of extensor muscles stabilized at wrist by...

Answer 27

extensor retinaculum compartmentalized into 6 fibroosseus tunnels

Question 28

ganglion or synovial cyst

Answer 28

thin walled cyst, fluid filled dorsum of wrist, common at extensor carpi radialus longus tendon

Question 29

contents of anatomical snuffbox

Answer 29

radial artery scaphoid bone

Question 30

boundaries of anatomical snuff box

Answer 30

thumb extensor/abductors- APL, EPB, EPL

Question 31

3 main nerves of the forearm

Answer 31

radial nerve- all extensor supinators median- most flexor/ pronators ulnar- 1.5 flexors

Question 32

2 branches of radial nerve

Answer 32

superficial- cutaneous sensory to part of the dorsum of hand deep- motor nerve

Question 33

deep branch of radial nerve

Answer 33

pierces supinator, becomes posterior interosseus nerve innervating forearm extensors

Question 34

ulnar nerve role in forearm and hand

Answer 34

innervates flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of FDP (digits 4 and 5) innervates most intrinsic hand muslces

Question 35

trace route of ulnar nerve

Answer 35

posterior to medial epicondyle in cubital tunnel then thru groove called canal of guyon on anterior aspect of wrist

Question 36

median nerve passes b/w...

Answer 36

FDS and FDP

Question 37

branches of median nerve in forearm

Answer 37

anterior interosseus small cutaneous nerve called palmar branch- superficial to flexor retinaculum

Question 38

median nerve must pass thru ___ to enter hand

Answer 38

carpal tunnel- under flexor retinaculum

Question 39

brachial artery terminates as...

Answer 39

ulnar and radial arteries

Question 40

branch of ulnar artery

Answer 40

common interosseus branch

Question 41

lateral strenght of elbow provided by...

Answer 41

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

Question 42

radial collateral ligament blends w/

Answer 42

annular ligament of radius- forms collar around head of radius

Question 43

proximal radioulnar joint fn

Answer 43

permits radius to rotate w/i annular ligament- bw/ head of radius and ulna

Question 44

radial head dislocation

Answer 44

aka nursemaids elbow radial head sublux out of annular ligament- common in toddlers

Question 45

game keepers thumb

Answer 45

ulnar collateral ligament rupture of thumb - often w/ fractur of bae of proximal thumb phalanx aka skiers thumb aka skiers thumb

Question 46

distal radius articulates w/...

Answer 46

scaphoid and lunate

Question 47

ligaments in radiocarpal joint

Answer 47

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

Question 48

ligaments w/ metacarpophalangeal joint

Answer 48

palmar ligament or plate on anterior aspect deep transverse metacarpal ligaments span b/w metacarpal heads