Arm and Shoulder Joint

Question 1

supraglenoid tubercle

Answer 1

attachment site for long head of biceps

Question 2

infraglenoid tubercle

Answer 2

attachment of long head of triceps

Question 3

articular surfaces of distal humerus

Answer 3

capitulum- lateral w/ radius

trochlea- medial w/ ulna

Question 4

coronoid fossa vs radial fossa

Answer 4

coronoid- receives coronoid porcess of ulna during elbow flexion

radial- receives radial head during flexion

Question 5

radial groove

Answer 5

located on posterior surface of humerus, contain radial nerve and deep brachial artery

Question 6

ulnar groove

Answer 6

posterior of medial epicondyle for passage of ulnar nerve

Question 7

axillary nerve wraps arond..

Answer 7

surgical neck

Question 8

venous drainage of upper limb

Answer 8

superficial, deep, and perforating

all have valves to increase venous return

deep veins are named after accompanying arteries, usually paired around artery

Question 9

venae communicantes

Answer 9

paired deep vein around pulsating artery, pulsation helps venous return

Question 10

brachial fascia

Answer 10

deep fascia around arm- continuous from deltoid, pec, and axillary fascia

vacuum tight to muscle, continues into forearm as antebrachial fascia

Question 11

septa of brachial fascia

Answer 11

medial and lateral- attach to shaft of humerus and divide arm into flexor and extensor compartments

Question 12

3 muscles of anterior arm

Answer 12

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

Question 13

biceps brachii

Answer 13

originates: short head from coracoid, long head from supraglenoid tubercle

inserts into proximal radius (radial tuberosity) and bicipital aponeurosis

flexes shoulder joint and supinates forearm and flexor of forearm

innervated by C5 and C6 via musculocutaneous

Question 14

reason biceps can tear

Answer 14

crosses two major joints- this allows any muscle in this category to tear

Question 15

typical cause of ruptured biceps

Answer 15

long head tear from wear or porlonged tendonitis

commonly from supraglenoid tubercle

Question 16

brachialis

Answer 16

origin at distal 1/2 of humerus

inserts into proximal ulna, tuberosity

prime flexor of forearm

C5,6 by musculocutaneous

Question 17

coracobrachialis

Answer 17

origin coraocoid

inserts middle 1/3 of humerus

flexor and adductor of arm

also C5,6 musculocutaneous

Question 18

musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 18

terminal branch of lateral cord of BP

muscles in anterior compartment

continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

Question 19

brachial artery

Answer 19

main supply to arm, continuation of axillary

accompanies median nerve

divides into radial and ulnar arteries

Question 20

3 branches of brachial artery

Answer 20

deep profunda brachail- behind humerus in radial groove, gives rise to radial and middle collateral

superior ulnar- follows ulnar nerve

inferior ulnar collateral

all of these provide anatomosis around elbow

Question 21

triceps brachii

Answer 21

three headed origin- long from infraglenoid, lateral from posterior humerus above radial groove, medial from posterior humerus below radial groove

insert into olecranon of ulna

extensor of forearm

innervated by C6,7, 8 via radial nerve

Question 22

radial nerve

Answer 22

terminal branch of posterior cord- courses trhu radial groove on back side of humerus

innervates three heads of triceps and all extensors of forearm

give rise to posterior cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm

Question 23

damage to radial nerve presents w/

Answer 23

wrist drop from loss of innervation to forearm extensors

“saturday night palsy” from compression of radial nerve; could also be from mid shaft humerus fracture

Question 24

surgical neck fractures can damage…

Answer 24

axillary nerve, causes atrophy of deltoid and loss of shoulder contour

Question 25

right vs left lymphatic drainage

Answer 25

right- eventually right lymphatic duct

left- thoracic duct

Question 26

glenohumeral joint

Answer 26

ball and socket synovial

large humeral head articulates w/ small shallow glenoid cavity

Question 27

stabilizers of glenohumeral joint

Answer 27

glenoid labrum- ring that deepens glenoid cavity

musculotendinous rotator cuff- stabilize and hold humerus in glenoid cavity

Question 28

transverse humeral ligament

Answer 28

holds long head of biceps in bicipital groove

Question 29

glenohumeral ligaments

Answer 29

3 internal capsular ligaments strengthen anteriorly

Question 30

coracoacromial ligament

Answer 30

aka arch

extrinsic protection against superior dislocation of humeral head

Question 31

weakest aspect of shoulder joint

Answer 31

inferior, direction of injury is in anterior inferior

usually tears labrum and anterior joint capsule/subscapularis

Question 32

most of cutaneous nerves on posterior aspect of upper limb arise from…

Answer 32

radial nerve

Question 33

nerves contributing to cutaneous nerves of upper limb anteriorly

Answer 33

medial cord of BP

musculocutaneous

axillary