Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chiro Essentials Spinal Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebrae develop from what embryological origin?

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The notochord gives rise to?

A

Nucleus pulposus of IVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Somites come from?

A

condensations of mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sclerotomes have 3 primary ossification centers, and 5 secondary ossification centers, what are they?

A

1o: centrum, R/L 1/2 of neural arch
2o: SP, R/L TVP, upper/lower vertebral EP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
Myotomes from which muscles develop?
Somatic
Splanchnic
Epimere
Hypomere
A

Sekeletal
Smooth
extensor
Flexor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Somite dermatomes form what?

A

periphernal N and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe embryological chondrification.

A

Mesoderm is replaced by cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe embryological intermamembranous ossification

A

Bone formed w/in membrane (flat bones of skull, clavicle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe embryological intracartilaginnous ossification

A

Bone is formed w/in cartilage (long bones, base of skull, vertebral column and ribs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cervical vertebra characteristics?

A

rectangular body, bifid SP, transverse foramina in TVP with ant and post tubercles, superior articular facets face backward, upward, medial in coronal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thoracic vertebra characteristics?

A

Heart-shaped body, sloping SP, costal facets on body and each TVP, superior articular facts face backward, upward, lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lumbar vertebra characteristics?

A

kidney shape, quadrangular SP, mammillary and accessory processes, L3 has longest and L5 has largest of lumbar TVP, superior articular process backwards and medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

C1 characteristics?

A

no body, large lateral mass, anterior arch, posterior arch w/groove for vertebral A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

C2/axis/epistorpheus characteristics?

A

dens/odontoid process is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C7 characteristics?

A

long non-bifid SP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament:
Connects?
Comparison to PLL?
Prevents?

A

extend sacrum to basal part of occiput
Thicker and stronger than PLL
Prevents hyperextenion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
Posterior longitudinal ligament:
Connects?
Characteristics?
Prevents?
Continues as?
A

Extends C2 to sacrum
Thin and weak
Hyperflexion
Tectorial membrane beyond C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Supraspinous ligament:
Connects?
Prevents?
Continues as?

A

Connects tips of spinouses
Hyperflexion
Nuchal ligament Beyond C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Interspinous ligament:
Connects?
Prevents?

A

Runs btw spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

Posterior translation, flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ligamentum flavum ligament:
Connects?
Characteristics?
Prevents?

A

extends btw lamina of adjacent vertebrae
Contains lots of elastic tissue
Flexion, buckling in extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Intertransverse ligament:
Connects?
Prevents?

A

Runs btw TVP of adjacent vertebrae

Lateral bending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alar/check ligament:
Connects?
Characteristics?
Prevents?

A

Posterior and lateral aspect of dens to medial aspect of the condyle of the occiput
L atlas rtn will increase tension in the right alar ligament
Limits axial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Apical ligament:
Connects?
Prevents?

A

Apex of dens to anterior foramen magnum

Limit flexion and extension of C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cruciate ligament:
Connects?
Characteristics?
Prevents?

A

Transverse: Lateral mass atlas to opposite side of lateral mass
Superior longitudinal: middle of transverse ligament to anterior lip of foramen magnum btw tectorial membrane and apical ligament
Inferior ligament: Middle of transverse ligament to body of C2
Shaped like a cross
Limits lateral translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the types of collagen fibers are in the outter and inner parts of the IVD?

A

Type I

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The outer part o the IVD is called the?

A

Annulus fibrosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How many laminae does the annulus have and how do the fibers run?

A

15-20 concentric laminae

65o vertical then 65o opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What makes the nucleus pulposus gelatinous?

A

proteoglycans that attract water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where is the IVD thickest? Thinnest?

A

Lumbar region

Thoracic region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What innervates the outer third of the annulus posteriorly?

A

Sinuvertebral (recurrent meningeal)

31
Q

What innervates the outer third of the annulus anterolaterally?

A

Sensory N from grey sympathetic rami

32
Q

How does the IVD get nourishment?

A

Diffusion through the endplates facilitated by movement of the spine

33
Q

How many IVDs are there?

A

23

34
Q

What are the superior boundaries of the IVF?

A

pedicle, inferior vertebral notch

35
Q

What are the anterior boundaries of the IVF?

A

posterolateral adjacent vertebral body and intervening disc

36
Q

What are the inferior boundaries of the IVF?

A

pedicle and superior vertebral notch

37
Q

What are the posterior boundaries of the IVF?

A

anterior zygapophyseal joint, capsule

38
Q

What are the contents of the IVF?

A

Spinal N/NRs, DRG, spinal A/V, 2-4 sinuvertebral N, fat, transforaminal ligaments

39
Q

Spinal canal extends from?

A

Foramen magnum to end of sacrum

40
Q

Anterior boundaries of the spinal canal?

A

Bodies of the vertebrae

41
Q

Lateral boundaries of the spinal canal?

A

pedicles

42
Q

Posterior boundaries of the spinal canal?

A

Neural arch of laminae

43
Q

Contents of the spinal canal?

A

Spinal cord, spinal N roots w/dura, arachnoid, pia mater, CSF, BV, connective tissue

44
Q

Where is the extra dural (epidural) space?

A

Outside spinal dura and semi-fluid fat and blood vessels

45
Q

The spinal canal is smallest where? Largest?

A

Thoracic, cervical

46
Q

Where is the most common site for cord compression?

A

C6 widest - cervical region

47
Q

Shape of the spinal canal in the cervicals, thoracics, and lumbar?

A

Triangular, oval, triangular

48
Q 
Atlanto-occipital Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A

Synovial
Condylar
Condyle of occipital bone and superioir articular facet of C1
Flexion (longs capitis and rectus anterior),
extension (SCM, semispinalis, splenius),
little lateral bending (Rectus lateralis, SCM, trapezius) and rotation
C1

49
Q 
Median Atlanto-Axial Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A 
Synovial
Pivot
Anterior arch of C1 and dens of C2
Rotation (SCM, semispinalis capitis countered by rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior and inferior)
C2
50
Q 
Lateral Atlanto-Axial Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A

Synovial
Planar
Lateral masses of C1 and superior articular facets of C2
Rotation (SCM, semispinalis capitis, against rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superioir and inferior)
Flexion, extension
C2

51
Q 
Zygapophyseal/Facet Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
Orientation
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A

Synovial
Planar
Inferior articular facet of superior vertebra and superior articular facet of adjacent vertebra
C/T: BUM (90o sagittal, 45o horizontal and 15o coronal/75o sagittal 60o horizontal), L1-4 BM (90o coronal and horizontal), L5 backwards in coronal plane
C: fact joint capsules are long and loose esp rtn, flex/ext 50% flex/ext Co/C1 and 50% rtn C1/C2
T: facets allor rtn and 2o flexion, ext limited by long sloping SP
L: facet jt capsules short and tight, rtn/lat bend limited
Paraspinals
medial br of dorsal rami of corresponding spinal N and N below and above

52
Q 
Sacroiliac Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A

Atypical synovical jt containing an interosseous membrane post
Reciprocal interlocking planar which allows minimal gliding
Articular surface of ilium and auricular aspect of sacrum
Nutation and counternutation around axis through S2
Mainly erector spinae and psoas major
Superior gluteal N and br from S1/2

53
Q 
Costovertebral Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A

Synovial
Planar
Body of vertebra and head of corresponding rib
Upper 6 joints pump handle action; lower 6 joints-bucket handle action
Intercostals and diaphragm
Segmental spinal N

54
Q 
Costotransverse Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A

Synovial
Planar
Tubercle of the rib and TVP of the corresponding vertebra
Upper 6 costotransverse joints allow rtn and lower 6 allow for gliding in ant-post plane
Intercostal and diaphragm
Segmental spinal N

55
Q 
Costochondral Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A 
1o cartilaginous
Synchondrosis
Distal end of rib and cartilage
None
Intercostal and diaphragm
Segmental spinal N
56
Q 
Sternochondral Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A

1st is 1o cartilaginous and 2-7th are synovial
Synchondrosis for 1st and planar synovial for the others
Cartilage and sternum
Slight gliding
Intercostal
Segmental spinal N

57
Q 
Manubriosternal Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A 
2o cartilaginous
symphysis
manubrium and body of sternum
slight increase and decrease angulation during respiration
Intercostal
Segmental spinal N
58
Q 
Xiphisternal Joint:
Type?
Classification?
Bone involved?
ROM?
Muscles acting?
Innervation?
A

2o cartilaginous
Symphysis becomes synostosis after 40th year
Body of sternum and xiphoid process
Very little
Intercostals, diaphragm, rectus abdominis
Segmental spinal N

59
Q

Extrinsic back muscles in the superficial layer?

A

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

60
Q

Extrinsic back muscles in the intermediate layer?

A

levator scapulae, rhomboid major/minor, serratus posterior superior and inferior

61
Q

Intrinsic back muscles in the superficial layer?

A

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

62
Q

Intrinsic back muscles in the Intermediate layer?

A

Erector spinae

63
Q

What are the three parallel groups of erector spinae?

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

64
Q

The lumbar component of the erector spinae function differently than thoracic counterparts because?

A

Line of action not parallel to compressive axis of the spine instead it is posterior caudal obliquity causing posterior shear F w/extensor movement of superior vertebra

65
Q

Erector spinae are supplied by branches of?

A

Dorsal rami of segmental spinal N

66
Q

Intrinsic back muscles in the deep layer?

A

Semispinalis capitis and cervicis, rotatores costarum, interspinales, intertransversales, multifidus

67
Q

What is the most medial muscle of the lumbar back muscles?

A

Multifidus

68
Q

Direction of multifidus fibers in lumbars?

A

slope up from laminae and mammillary process to spinous 2-3 segments up from sacrum-C2

69
Q

Movements of multifidus?

A

extension, lateral bend, contralateral rtn

70
Q

Does multifidus have many or few mechanoreceptors?

A

Lots

71
Q

Medial compartment of intertransversarii is innervated by?

A

dorsal rami

72
Q

Lateral compartment of intertransversarii is innervated by?

A

ventral rami

73
Q

What muscle is on either side of the interspinous ligaments?

A

Interspinalis

74
Q

Multifidus, rotatores, interspinalis, intertransversales serve as spine movers or mechanoreceptors?

A

Mechanoreceptors - lots of muscle spindles

And stabilizers during local movement

Chiro Essentials Spinal Anatomy (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions