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Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

primary curvatures (dev before birth)

A

thoracic and sacrococcygeal

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2
Q

shape of thoracic and sacrococcygeal

A

concave anteriorly

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3
Q

secondary curvatures (dev during infancy)

A

cervical and lumbar

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4
Q

shape of cervical and lumbar

A

concave posteriorly

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5
Q

vertebral column – and important in posture, movement, support of body weight, and locomotion

A

protect spinal cord

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6
Q

degree of primary curvature

A

1

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7
Q

degree of secondary curvature

A

2

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8
Q

flexion is greatest in – region

A

cervical

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9
Q

extension is greatest in – region

A

lumbar

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10
Q

lateral bending is greatest in – region

A

lumbar

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11
Q

rotation is greatest in – region

A

thoracic

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12
Q

– encloses the vertebral foramen in which the spinal cord sits

A

vertebral/neural arch

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13
Q

neural arch is comprised of –

A

pedicles, laminae, and spinous process

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14
Q

laminae and pedicles form the –

A

transverse process

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15
Q

each vertebrae has a superior and inferior – for articulation with adjacent vertebrae

A

articular process

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16
Q

cervical vertebrae have a – spinous process

A

bifid

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17
Q

cervical vertebrae have a – foramen for vertebral artery

A

transverse

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18
Q

thoracic vertebrae have – spinous processes

A

inferiorly oriented, overlapping

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19
Q

thoracic vertebrae have – for ribs

A

costal and demifacets

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20
Q

lumbar vertebrae lack –

A

costal facets

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21
Q

lumbar vertebrae have – spinous processes

A

quadrangular and horizontally oriented

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22
Q

C1

A

atlas

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23
Q

C1 articulates superiorly with –(occipital bone)

A

cranium

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24
Q

has no body or spinous process

A

C1

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25
Q

C1 has an – and – arch

A

anterior and posterior

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26
Q

– holds the dens of the C2 in place

A

transverse ligament

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27
Q

C2

A

axis

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28
Q

C2 has a – or dens which serves as the “axis” around which the atlas rotates

A

odontoid process

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29
Q

– joint allows for head flexion and extension

A

atlanto-occipital

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30
Q

– joint allows for the rotation of the head

A

median atlantoaxial

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31
Q

on the sacrum’s anterior and superior aspect you can see the – of S1, the ala (wings), promontory, and the anterior sacral foramina

A

body

32
Q

transmits the ventral rami of S1-S5 spinal nerves

A

anterior sacral foramina

33
Q

on the sacrum’s posterior aspect you can see the –, sacral hiatus and posterior

A

sacral canal

34
Q

transmits the dorsal rami of S1-S5 spinal nerves

A

posterior sacral foramina

35
Q

a horizontal line drawn across the iliac crests will interest the –

A

L4 spinous process

36
Q

there is no – between the atlas and axis

A

intervertebral disc

37
Q

caudal anesthesia may be administered through the –

A

sacral hiatus

38
Q

the iliac crests may be easily – in a patient

A

palpated

39
Q

– is an important landmark in doing lumbar punctures to sample cerebrospinal fluid

A

L4 spinous process

40
Q

zygapophyseal (facet) joints are – joints

A

synovial

41
Q

zygapophyseal (facet) joints are formed between the – of adjacent vertebrae

A

articular processes

42
Q

zygapophyseal (facet) joints permit – movements between vertebrae

A

gliding

43
Q

zygapophyseal (facet) joints are stabilized by ligaments uniting the – transverse and spinous process

A

laminae

44
Q

zygapophyseal (facet) joints are innervated by – nerves

A

dorsal rami

45
Q

joints: anatomical classification systems

A

cartilaginous, fibrous, synovial

46
Q

fibrocartilaginous intervertebral discs form cartilaginous joints between adjacent vertebral bodies designed for –

A

weight bearing and strength

47
Q

cartilaginous joints are separated by –

A

cartilage

48
Q

two kinds of cartilaginous joints

A

symphyses and synchondroses

49
Q

symphyseal joints occur mostly in the – of the body

A

midline

50
Q

symphyseal joints are considered to be –

A

slightly moveable

51
Q

an example of a symphysis type of joint would be the – where two adjacent vertebra are separated by a fibrocartilaginous disc

A

intervertebral joints

52
Q

two components of intervertebral discs

A

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulosus

53
Q

outer tough layer of intervertebral discs that provides strength

A

annulus fibrosus

54
Q

inner gelatinous layer of intervertebral discs that provides shock absorption during weight bearing

A

nucleus pulposus

55
Q

when two vertebrae come together, – forms in which spinal nerves are located

A

intervertebral foramina

56
Q

when the vertebrae are articulated, the vertebral foramen of adjacent vertebrae together form the – through which the spinal cord passes

A

vertebral canal

57
Q

osteoarthritic formation of osteophytes (bony spur-like growth on the vertebral bodies) can – the intervertebral foramen and impinge on the spinal nerve and/or spinal nerve roots

A

narrow

58
Q

flexion

A

60-70

59
Q

lateral flexion or bending

A

25-30

60
Q

extension

A

10-25

61
Q

rotation

A

45

62
Q

between C1 and cranium

A

atlanto-occipital joint

63
Q

between C1 and C2

A

median atlantoaxial joint

64
Q

T/F: there is no intervertebral disc between the atlas and axis

A

true

65
Q

the sacrum is formed by the fusion of –

A

5 bones (S1-S5 vertebrae)

66
Q

on the sacrum’s anterior and superior aspect, you can identify the –, ala (wings), promontory and anterior sacral foramina

A

body of S1

67
Q

anterior sacral foramina transmit –

A

ventral rami of S1-S5 spinal nerves

68
Q

on the sacrum’s posterior, you can identify the –, sacral hiatus, and posterior sacral foramina

A

sacral canal

69
Q

posterior sacral foramina transmit –

A

dorsal rami of S1-S5 spinal nerves

70
Q

solutions of caudal anesthesia pass – in the loose connective tissue (sacral hiatus) and bathe the spinal nerves as they emerge from the dural sheath

A

superiorly

71
Q

intervertebral discs also play a major role in the development of – of the vertebral column

A

curvatures

72
Q

runs on the anterior surface of vertebral bodies

A

ant. longitudinal ligament

73
Q

runs on the tips of spinous processes

A

supraspinous ligaments

74
Q

runs between spinous processes

A

interspinous ligaments

75
Q

ant. longitudinal ligament helps prevent –

A

hyperextension

76
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament helps prevent –

A

hyperflexion

77
Q

helps preserve the curvatures of the spine

A

ligamentum flavum

Anatomy (11 decks)

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