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anatomy: back > vertebral column > Flashcards

vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae?

A

33

… 7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

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2
Q

Function of vertebral column?

A

House spinal cord, supports trunk (& UE)

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3
Q

What are the curvatures of the spine?

A

Primary and secondary

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4
Q

Primary curvature

A

Concave anteriorly : thoracic and sacral

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5
Q

Secondary curvature

A

Concave posteriorly: cervical and lumbar

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6
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hunchback (thoracic)

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7
Q

Scoliosis

A

Curvature to side

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8
Q

Lordosis

A

Excessive ant curve of lumbar

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9
Q

Typical vertebrae

A

Body:
Intervertebral discs between ventral bodies (wt bearing)

Vertebral arch:
2 pedicles
2 transverse processes
2 laminas
1 spinous process
2 sup and 2 inf articulate processes and facets
2 sup and inf vertebral notch
Vertebral foramen

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10
Q

Pedicle

A

Between the body and transverse processes

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11
Q

Lamina

A

Between transverse and spinous processes

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12
Q

Superior articular process faces ____ in typical vertebrae

A

Posteriorly

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13
Q

Inferior articular process faces ____ in typical vertebrae

A

Anteriorly

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14
Q

What forms intervertebral foramen?

A

Sup and inf vertebral notches

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15
Q

Vertebral foramen forms the ___ and houses ___

A

Vertebral canal

Spinal cord

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16
Q

How are cervical vertebrae distinguished

A

Transverse foramen in the transverse processes (ant and post tubercles)

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17
Q

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae transmits what A, V, N

A

Vertebral A & V

Sympathetic N

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18
Q

Vertebral A & V doesn’t go through which transverse process?

A

C7

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19
Q

Cervical vertebrae: articulating surface of sup articular fact points…

A

Superiorly and posteriorly ~45 deg

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20
Q

Which cervical vertebrae have bifid spinous processes

A

C2-6

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21
Q

C7 has long spinous process called…

A

Vertebra prominens

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22
Q

C1 and 2 are ____ vertebrae

A

Atypical

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23
Q

Thoracic vertebrae are distinguished by…

A

Costal facets and demi-facets

Transverse costal facets

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24
Q

Thoracic typical vertebrae have

A

Demi-facets superiorly and inferiority for rib articulations
(T2-9)

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25
Q

Thoracic atypical vertebrae have

A

Entire costal facets (T1 and demi T2)
T10 sup costal facet T10 (11&12 w no transverse costal facet)

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26
Q

Lumbar vertebrae distinguished by…

A

Large bodies

No costal facets

No transverse foramen

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27
Q

Lumbar vertebrae articulating surface for sup facets point

A

Med (sagittal plane)

28
Q

T12-L5 have ___ tubercles (processes) on sup articular processes and accessory tubercles on the transverse processes

29
Q

What comes off mamillary process?
What comes off accessory process?

A

Multifidus
Longissimus

30
Q

Sacral vertebrae are distinguished by

A

Fused vertebrae

31
Q

What transmits spinal roots and rami that make up the cauda equina (lower end of spinal cord)?

A

Sacral canal and hiatus

32
Q

Spinal roots for spinal nerves near ____&___ foramina w/in sacral canal region

A

Ant & post

33
Q

Coccyx made up of

A

4 fused vertebrae

34
Q

Vertebral bodies are stacked on one another with ________ in between

A

Intervertebral disc

35
Q

Vertebral end plates cover

A

Vertebral body (hyaline and fibro cartilage)

36
Q

Annulus fibrosis (outside fibrous layer) is made up of

A

H2O
Collagen
Proteoglycans
Chondroblasts, fibroblasts

37
Q

Lamellae

A

10-12 layers of annulus fibrosis
All run in same direc, but next lamellae run in
oppo direc (perpendicular to each oth)

38
Q

Nucleus pulposus (inner gelatinous material) is made up of

A

H2O
Collagen
Proteoglycans
Chondroblasts, fibroblasts

39
Q

Nucleus pulposus is ____ and not ____

A

Avascular and innervated

40
Q

Zygapophyseal joint (facet joints) have ___ mvt between articular processes

41
Q

Ant longitudinal lig runs from

A

Sacrum to skull anterior side of vertebral bodies

42
Q

Ant and post longitudinal lig attaches to

A

Discs and vertebral bodies

43
Q

Ant longitudinal lig is stretched (limited) w

44
Q

At C0-1 ant longitudinal lig name changes to

A

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

45
Q

Post longitudinal lig runs along

A

Post side of vertebral bodies w/in vertebral canal

46
Q

Post longitudinal lig stretched (limited)

47
Q

At C0-2 post longitudinal lig name changes to

A

Tectorial membrane

48
Q

Ligamenta flava attaches ___ to adjacent vertebrae

49
Q

Ligamenta flava becomes _____ at C0-1

A

Post atlanto-occipital membrane

50
Q

Interspinous lig runs obliquely to attach

A

Adjacent spinous processes

51
Q

Supraspinatus lig attach adjacent tips of ____ processes

52
Q

Intertransverse lig attach adjacent ____ processes

A

Transverse
Limit flexion

53
Q

Uncovertebral joints

A

Articulation between adjacent cervical vertebral bodies at the unicate (unciform) processes

54
Q

Unicate processes are seen on ___ edges of vertebral body

A

Lat and sometimes ant

55
Q

Craniovertebral joints

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

Atlanto-axial joint

56
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint articulation between

A

Occipital condoles of occipital bone and superior articular facets of C1
Synovial joint

57
Q

AO joint mvt

A

Flex/ext head

Some lat flex (rocking)

58
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A

Skull and C1 rotate as unit on C2

59
Q

Atlanto-axial joint articulates between

A

Dens of C2 and post surface of ant arch of C1

60
Q

Atlanto-axial joint =____ % head rot (oth 50%= cervical vertebrae)

61
Q

Mvt of atlanto-axial joint

A

Flex /ext head

62
Q

Cruciform lig

A

Transverse lig of atlas

Sup/inf longitudinal bands

63
Q

Transverse lig of atlas attaches to

A

Masses of C1 and runs post to dens to form synovial joint

64
Q

Sup/inf longitudinal bands found from

A

Transverse lig of atlas to occipital bone above and the body of C2 below

65
Q

Alar lig

A

Extend form sides of sup dens to lat margins of foramen magnum (prevent excessive rot)

66
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

Superior sontinuation of post longitudinal lig

anatomy: back (7 decks)

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