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anatomy: back > spinal cord > Flashcards

spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord?

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

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2
Q

What fills the compartment formed by the meninges and act as a cushion and means of exchanging substances between the brain and the rest of the body?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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3
Q

Blood brain barrier is specialized endothelial cells that regulate ___ contents

A

CSF

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4
Q

Meninges are continuous from ___ to ___

A

Brain, spinal cord

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5
Q

Tough, outermost meninges layer bound to the surface of the skull, bound loosely to vertebral canal, and innervated

A

Dura mater

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6
Q

Middle meninges layer

A

Arachnoid mater

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7
Q

Thin, inner most meninges layer that envelopes the entire brain/spinal cord (vascularized)

A

Pia mater

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8
Q

What space is between the dura mater and the periosteum/lig of the vertebral canal that contains CT, fat, venous plexuses?

A

Epidural space

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9
Q

What is the narrow space between the arachnoid and dura mater?

A

Subdural space

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10
Q

What is the space between the arachnoid and pia mater that contains CSF and large blood vessels of CNS?

A

Subarachnoid space

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11
Q

Where is cerebrospinal fluid produced?

A

Choroid plexuses

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12
Q

What are denticulate lig? Where are they found?

A

Anchoring lig formed by pia mater

Lat on spinal cord with processes extending from the pia to dura mater

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13
Q

The spinal cord occupies upper 2/3 of vertebral canal from ___ to L2. It’s continuous w ___ at upper end and ___ at lower end

A

Foramen magnum

Brainstem

Cauda equina

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14
Q

Parts of the spinal cord

A

Conus medullaris

Filum terminale

Cauda equina

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15
Q

Nerve roots come together and form?

A

Spinal nerve @ given spinal level

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16
Q

Enlargements at spinal cord occur @?

A

Cervical: origin of spinal nerves (brachial plexus)

Lumbar: origin of spinal nerves (lumbar and sacral plexus)

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17
Q

Grey matter

A

Inner core of spinal cord made up of unmyelinated cell bodies and synapses between neurons

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18
Q

Grey matter horns

A

Dorsal: sensory info (into spinal cord)

Ventral: motor info (leave spinal cord)

Lat:autonomic sympathetic nerves (leave via ventral horns)

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19
Q

White matter

A

Around grey matter, made of myelinated neurons, form tracts nerve fibers running up and down spinal cord

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20
Q

Each spinal nerve has 3 func component

A

Somatic component (motor and sensory)

Visceral component (autonomic sympathetic NS)

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21
Q

___ pairs spinal nerves

A

31
8 C, 12 T, 5 L, 5 S, 1 Coccygeal

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22
Q

Spinal nerves consist of

A

Dorsal root: sensory

Ventral root: motor

23
Q

T/F: C1&2 spinal roots are horizontal and form spinal nerves at same level as their intervertebral foramen?

A

T

24
Q

C3-8 spinal roots slope

A

Obliquely down never exceeding height of 1 vertebrae

25
Q

Thoracic spinal roots slope

A

Obliquely down and in lower region, descend length of at least 2 vertebrae

26
Q

Lumbar, sacral and coccygeal spinal roots descend

A

Almost vertically (exit via intervertebral foramen or sacral foramina more than 2 segments from where originate)

27
Q

What structures of the intervertebral foramen affect the spinal nerves?

A

Vertebral body and intervertebral discs ant

Zygapophysial joints and ligamentum flavum post

Pedicles above and below

28
Q

What exits intervertebral foramen?

A

Spinal nerves

Blood vessels (segmental medullary arteries)

Sinuvertebral (recurrent meningeal) nerves

29
Q

Sinuvertebral (recurrent meningeal) nerves supplies

A

Post longitudinal lig and intervertebral discs @ lvl

Blood vessels of vertebral canal

Dura mater and dural sleeve

30
Q

ANS (autonomic NS) func

A

Responsible for stability and maintenance of body’s internal environment (homeostasis)

31
Q

Structures supplied by ANS have ___ innervation functioning at subconscious lvl

A

Involuntary

32
Q

ANS contains motor and sensory nerve fibers which go to which types of musc?

A

Smooth, cardiac musc

Exocrine glands

33
Q

Parasympathetic arm of the ANS (craniosacral sys)
PSNS

A

Responsible for conserving energy and routine maintenance of bodily activities (rest and digest)

34
Q

PSNS neurons exit CNS w

A

Cranial and sacral spinal nerves

35
Q

Sympathetic arm of the ANS (thoracolumbar sys)
SNS

A

Prepare body for emergencies (fight or flight)

36
Q

PSNS: pre-ganglionic fibers are ___, post-ganglionic fibers are ___

A

Long

Short

37
Q

Where do pre- and post-ganglionic fibers synapse in SNS?

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia in thoracic and lumbar regions

OR

Abdominal and cervical ganglia

38
Q

T/F: sympathetic chain ganglia lie on the medial sides of bodies of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

A

F: lat side

39
Q

Pre-ganglionic fibers run between

A

CNS and ganglion

40
Q

Post-ganglionic fibers run between

A

Ganglion and target tissue innervated

41
Q

Neurons usually travel via

A

White rami communicans (pre-ganglionic fibers) to sympathetic ganglia near thoracic or lumbar vertebral body to synapse w post-ganglionic neuron

42
Q

Post-ganglionic neuron travels via

A

Gray rami communicans
(Secrete norepi)

43
Q

Symp neurons outside intervertebral foramen, pre-ganglionic fibers can do 1 of 4 things

A

1 enter symp chain ganglia (enter and exit same lvl)

2 enter symp chain ganglia travel up/down lvls then
exit

3 enter symp chain ganglia w/o synapsing and cont
traveling (thoracic to abdominal cavity)

4 SNS innervation to adrenal gland

44
Q

Main ganglia in abdominal cavity?

A

Celiac, sup, inf mesenteric ganglia
(Where symp mesenteric pre- and post-ganglionic
neurons synapse)

45
Q

There are only ___-ganglionic symp neruons in 4th pathway (adrenal gland)

A

Pre

46
Q

What acts as “post-ganglionic neuron” in 4th pathway?

A

Epi

47
Q

What arteries provide main blood supply to cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) at base of brain

A

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries

48
Q

Vertebral arteries give off 3 main longitudinal arteries that run down the spinal cord

A

Ant spinal artery (union of branches off of vertebral arteries)

2 post spinal arteries (each = branch off of each vertebral arteries)

49
Q

Spinal arteries give off

A

Radicular arteries and segmental medullary arteries

50
Q

Radicular arteries run along along ___to enter spinal cord and vascularize just nerve roots by coming off of segmental medullary arteries

A

Spinal nerve root

51
Q

Segmental medullary arteries come off of ___&___ and anastomose w ___&___

A

Ant and post spinal arteries

Post intercostal and lumbar arteries

52
Q

T/F: 3 ant and post spinal beings run longitudinally w arteries

A

T

53
Q

T/&F medullary and radicular veins are paired with arteries

A

T

anatomy: back (7 decks)

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