Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

4 Functions of the vertebral column

A

1) Support Body and maintaining posture
2) Protect the structures of the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis
3) Protect the spinal cord
4) Help with progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 5 regions of the vertebral column

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Area that the Lumbar Vertebrae is in is called

A

Loin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Area the sacral vertebrae cover is called

A

Croup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Area the caudal vertebrae cover is called

A

Tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vertebral formula for dog

A

C7,T13, L7, S3, Cd20-23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vertebral Column for cats

A

C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd21-23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 structures make up the arch in a vertebrae

A

Lamina and Pedicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hemilaminectomy/Laminectomy are

A

Removal of 1 lamina/Removal of both laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 6 major structures on the vertebra

A

1) Body
2) Arch
3)Vertebral Foramen
4)Spine
5) Transverse Process
6) Cranial and Caudal articular surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 2 structures does the Atlas lack

A

Spine and Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are two distinguishable features the Atlas has

A

Modified articular processes and Thick transverse processes (wings)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 distinguishable features of the Axis

A

Elongated spine, dens that projects cranially, and cranial articular surface located in the body and continuous with the articulation area of dens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the 7th cervical vertebrae lack

A

Transverse foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which cervical vertebrae has the tallest spine

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What foramen does the 1st cervical spinal nerve pass through

A

Lateral Vertebral Foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the vertebral artery and vein pass through

A

Transverse foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Spinal nerves and spinal blood vessels pass through what

A

Intervertebral Foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the thoracic vertebrae articulate with

A

Ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the rib head articulate with the thoracic vertebrae

A

In the cranial and caudal costal foveae (demifacets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the rib tubercle articulate with the thoracic vertebrae

A

Transverse foveae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The spinous process of T11 is described as

A

Anticlinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T1-T3 all have spinous processes that are

A

The same length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

4 characteristics to describe Lumbar vertebrae

A

1) Longer, uniform bodies
2) Long transverse processes
3) Absence of costal facets
4) Short, cranially pointing spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fused spine of sacral vertebrae is called

A

Medial sacral crest (is palpable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The 2 pairs of foramen in the sacrum are called

A

Dorsal sacral foramina and Ventral sacral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which two spinal nerves pass through the dorsal and ventral sacral foramina

A

1st and 2nd sacral spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The auricular surface with the ilium is called

A

Sacroiliac join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The sacroiliac joints are what type of joint

A

Synovial/Fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Sacroiliac joints serve what functions

A

Shock absorption, add firmness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the average number of caudal vertebrae

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

As the caudal vertebrae proceed caudally, what happens

A

They lose distinctive features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the two main types of joints in the vertebral column

A

Cartilaginous and Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where are cartilaginous joints found in the vertebral column

A

Intervertebral disks (between vertebral bodies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are 3 types of synovial joints found in the vertebral column

A

Plane, Hinge/Ginglymus, and Pivot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What type of joint are articular processes

A

Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What type of joint is the Atlanto-occipital joint

A

Hinge/Ginglymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-axial joint

39
Q

Between which two cervical vertebrae are the intervertebral disks missing

A

The 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae

40
Q

The annulus fibrosis is

A

The outer fibrous ring of the intervertebral disks

41
Q

The nucleus pulposus is

A

The gel-like center of the intervertebral disk made of fluid and cartilage

42
Q

What vertebral ligament is present in dogs but not cats

A

Nuchal ligament

43
Q

The yellow ligament(interactuate/Flava) is located

A

Between the vertebral arches

44
Q

Interspinous ligament is located

A

Obliquely across intercostal space (between spines of vertebrae)

45
Q

Supraspinatous ligament is a caudal continuation of which ligament

A

Nuchal ligament

46
Q

Which ligament extends from the 8th thoracic vertebra to sacrum

A

Ventral longitudinal ligament

47
Q

What are 2 characteristics of the dorsal longitudinal ligament

A

Extends from axis to sacrum and is well developed in the cervical region compared to the caudal thorax and lumbar

48
Q

What is the location of the intercapital ligament

A

Between rib heads T2-T10

49
Q

At which 3 locations can you perform a spinal tap

A

1) atlanto-occipital space
2) atlanto-axial space
3) Lumbo-sacral space

50
Q

3 common clinical conditions pertaining to the vertebral column are

A

1) intervertabral disk disease
2) wobbler’s syndrome
3) lumbosacral stenosis

51
Q

Synonyms of Intevertebral disk diseases(IVDD) are

A

Disc rupture, Herniation, Slipped disc

52
Q

What happens in IVDD

A

Nucleus pulposus degenerates, annulus fibrosis cracks, nuclear content extrudes upwards and compresses spinal cord/nerve root. Mostly in thoracolumbar area

53
Q

What breeds are more susceptible to IVDD

A

Chondrodystrophoid breeds (Dachshunds, Beagles, Basset Hounds, and Poodles)

54
Q

What is Wobbler’s disorder

A

Degenerative disorder associated w/ vertebral malformation that leads to narrowing of vertebral canal and spinal cord/nerve root compression

55
Q

Which breeds are more disposed to Wobbler’s disorder

A

Great Danes and Doberman Pinschers

56
Q

What are two signs of Wobbler’s

A

Ataxia in rear limbs and flexed neck

57
Q

Lumbosacral stenosis is also called

A

Cauda Equina Syndrome

58
Q

What 4 things characterize Lumbosacral Stenosis

A

Severe back/tail pain, difficulty rising, urination incontinence, and muscular paresis/paralysis

59
Q

Lumbosacral Stenosis causes arthritic changes between which vertebrae

A

L7 to the Sacrum

60
Q

Lumbosacral stenosis is

A

The narrowing of the vertebral canal and nerve root compression

61
Q

How would you decide to take a medical treatment approach for Lumbosacral Stenosis

A

If the animal shows minor neurological deficits and is in low grade pain

62
Q

How would you decide to take a surgical approach to treat Lumbosacral Stenosis

A

If the animal has persistent and severe pain, difficulty walking and standing

63
Q

What are some medical treatments for Lumbosacral Stenosis

A

Anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and rest

64
Q

How would you surgically treat Lumbosacral Stenosis

A

Remove the extruded disc material to relieve pressure

65
Q

What type of breeds are predisposed to Lumbosacral Stenosis

A

Large breeds from 3-7 years old

66
Q

What are 4 decompressive surgeries

A

Fenestration, Ventral Slot, Hemilaminectomy, Dorsal laminectomy

67
Q

What is the Fenestration Surgery technique

A

disk space is opened, and the nucleus pulposus is removed without entering the spinal canal

68
Q

What is the ventral slot technique

A

Ventral approach of the spinal cord through bone
(Only done with cervical disk cases)

69
Q

What is the hemilaminectomy technique

A

Approach of the spinal cord from the right or left side
(Usually done with thoracolumbar disk)

70
Q

What is the dorsal laminectomy technique

A

Dorsal approach of the spinal cord
(Performed in some cervical, thoracolumbar, and lumbar disc cases)

71
Q

3 major parts of a rib

A

Head, tuberculum, and body

72
Q

What does the rib head articulate with

A

Costal foveae of 2 successive vertebrae

73
Q

What does the rib tubercle articulate with

A

Transverse costal foveae

74
Q

Which ribs articulate with the sternum

A

The first 9

75
Q

Which 3 ribs form the costal arch

A

Ribs 10, 11, and 12

76
Q

Another term for the 13th rib

A

Floating rib

77
Q

Manubrium is

A

The 1st sternebra

78
Q

Xiphoid process is

A

Last sternebra

79
Q

Xiphoid cartilage is

A

The caudal end of the process

80
Q

Sternum has ___ unpaired segments

81
Q

4 joints of the thorax

A

1) costo-vertebral
2) costo-transverse
3) costo-sternal
4) intersternal

82
Q

Costo-vertebral joint is classified as a

A

Ball and socket joint

83
Q

Costo-trsansverse joint is classified as

A

Plane joint

84
Q

Costo-sternal joint is classified as

A

Synovial hinge joint

85
Q

Intersternal joint is classified as a

A

Cartilagenous joint

86
Q

What is the action for all 3 epaxial muscle systems

A

To extend the vertebral column

87
Q

What are the 3 epaxial muscle systems

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, and Transversospinalis

88
Q

What are the two parts of the iliocostalis system

A

Lumborum and thoracis regions

89
Q

What are the 4 parts of the longissimus system

A

Lumborum, thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

90
Q

What are the 2 parts of the transversospinalis muscle

A

Splenius and semispinalis muscles

91
Q

What is the function of the hypaxial muscles

A

To flex the vertebral column

92
Q

What are the 5 hypaxial muscles of the neck

A

Longus capitis, Longus colli, Sternocephalicus, Sternothyroideus, and Sternohyoideus

93
Q

What are the 6 hypaxial muscles of the thoracic wall

A

Scalenus, Serratus ventralis, Serratus dorsalis (Cranialis and Caudalis) External intercostal, Internal intercostal, and rectus thoracis

Anatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions