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Anatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the ANS?

A

General Visceral Efferent nerves

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2
Q

True or False: ANS is essential for the function of the effector organ and is not regulatory in function?

A

False; it is NOT essential for function and IS regulatory

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3
Q

Where does the ANS extend to and from?

A

It extends from the CNS to the smooth m., cardiac m., and glands

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4
Q

How many neuron chains does the ANS have?

A

2 and they link the CNS to the autonomic effector

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5
Q

What structures influence the ANS?

A

Spinal cord, Brain stem, hypothalamus

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6
Q

What are ganglia?

A

Nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS

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7
Q

What are nuclei?

A

Neuron cell bodies inside the CNS

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8
Q

What are 3 characteristics that describe the general somatic efferent neurons?

A

1) voluntary
2) have one neuron between CNS & effector
3) target effector is skeletal m.

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9
Q

What are the general somatic afferent neurons?

A

General sensory neurons in the skin, bones, muscle, and joints that convey impulses from dorsal root fibers to CNS

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10
Q

What are the general somatic efferent motor neurons?

A

Neurons that use impulses from the CNS that travel through ventral root fibers and cause skeletal m. Contraction

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11
Q

What is the origin location of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Thoracolumbar

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12
Q

What is the origin location of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Cranial-Sacral

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13
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system supply?

A

Glands, smooth muscles of skin, thoracic/pelvic/abdominal viscera, salivary glands, nasal cavities, iris, blood vessels, adrenal medulla

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14
Q

Synapse location for sympathetic ns?

A

Paravertebral or prevertebral ganglion

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15
Q

Synapse location for parasympathetic ns?

A

Wall of effector organ

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16
Q

What are preganglionic fibers in the ANS?

A

First neuron from CNS; Myelinated

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17
Q

Are postganglionic fibers in the ANS myelinated?

A

No

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18
Q

What length are the preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic ANS?

A

Short

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19
Q

What neurotransmitter is secreted at the preganglionic synapse in the ANS?

A

Acetylcholine

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20
Q

What is the length of the postganglionic sympathetic ANS nerve fibers?

A

Long

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21
Q

What neurotransmitter is secreted at the postganglionic fiber synapse in ANS?

A

Norepinephrine

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22
Q

Name all 3 paravertebral ganglia in the ANS?

A

Cranial Cervical, Middle Cervical, Cervicothoracic

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23
Q

Name all 6 prevertebral ganglia in the ANS?

A

Cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric, gonadal, renal, celiac, and pelvic ganglia in plexus

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24
Q

What structures does the cervicothoracic ganglion serve?

A

The thoracic viscera

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25
Q

What structures does the cranial cervical ganglion serve?

A

Head and neck

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26
Q

What structures does the middle cervical ganglion serve?

A

Heart and lungs

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27
Q

What structures does the cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric, renal, gonadal, and celiac ganglia serve?

A

The abdominal and pelvic viscera

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28
Q

General presynaptic pathway for ANS?

A

Ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk, ganglion, effector organ

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29
Q

Head region sympathetic pathway

A

1-Ventral root
2-spinal nerve,
3-ramus communicans,
4-sympathetic trunk,
5-ansa subclavia,
6-cervical sympathetic trunk
7-cranial cervical ganglion
8- plexuses run with internal and external carotid arteries
9- target organ

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30
Q

Head region of ANS synapse?

A

Cranial Cervical ganglion

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31
Q

Head region of ANS post-synapse pathway

A

Nerve plexuses on external and internal carotid arteries that run to target effectors

32
Q

Pre-synaptic path. for neck region of ANS

A

1- ventral root
2- spinal nerve
3- ramus communicans
4- sympathetic trunk

33
Q

Synapse for neck region of ANS?

A

Cervicothoracic ganglion

34
Q

Post-synaptic pathway for neck region

A

1- vertebral nerve
2-rami communicans
3- cervical spinal nerve
4- dorsal/ventral branches to smooth muscles and skin

35
Q

Pre-synaptic pathway for body wall and limbs (ANS)

A

Ventral root, spinal nerve, ramus communicans, sympathetic trunk

36
Q

Synapse for body wall and limbs (ANS)

A

Sympathetic trunk ganglia (paravertebral ganglia- cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic ganglia)

37
Q

Post-synaptic pathway for body wall and limbs (ANS)

A

1-rami communicans
2-spinal nerve
3- dorsal/ventral branches to smooth muscle and skin

38
Q

Pre-synaptic pathway for thoracic viscera (ANS)

A

1- Ventral root
2– spinal nerve
3- ramus communicans
4- sympathetic trunk

39
Q

Synapses for thoracic viscera (ANS)

A

Cervicothoracic and middle cervical ganglia

40
Q

Post-synaptic pathway for thoracic viscera (ANS)

A

Cardiosympathetic nerves from ansa subclavia

41
Q

Pre-synaptic pathway for abdominal viscera (ANS)

A

1-Ventral root
2- spinal nerve
3-ramus communicans
4- sympathetic trunk

42
Q

Synapses for abdominal viscera (ANS)

A

Left/right celiac ganglia, cranial/caudal mesenteric ganglia, renal ganglion, gonadal ganglion

43
Q

Post-synaptic pathway for abdominal viscera (ANS)

A

Nerve plexuses on abdominal artery

44
Q

Pre-synaptic pathway for pelvic viscera (ANS)

A

1-Ventral root
2-spinal nerve
3-ramus communicans
4- sympathetic trunk
5- lumbar splanchnic nerve
6- caudal mesenteric ganglion

45
Q

Synapse for pelvic viscera (ANS)

A

Caudal mesenteric ganglion

46
Q

Post-ganglionic pathway for pelvic viscera (ANS)

A

1-Hypogastric nerve
2- pelvic plexus; branches to pelvic viscera

47
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the brain stem nuclei in the PNS?

A

III, X, IX, VII

48
Q

Which segments of the sacral spinal cord are associated with the PNS?

A

Segments 1-3

49
Q

Name of CN III

A

Oculomotor

50
Q

Name of CN VII

A

Facial n.

51
Q

Name of CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal n.

52
Q

Name of CN X?

A

Vagus n.

53
Q

Length of preganglionic fibers in PNS?

A

Long

54
Q

Length of postganglionic fibers of PNS?

A

Short

55
Q

What neurotransmitter is at both synapses in PNS?

A

ACETYLCHOLINE

56
Q

What are the only blood vessels that the PNS supply?

A

Penile arteries

57
Q

The PNS does NOT supply…

A

Skin, sweat glands, piloerector muscles, or cutaneous blood vessels, nor the adrenal medulla

58
Q

Vagus nerve supplies…

A

Thoracic & abdomina viscera

59
Q

What happens to the vagosympathetic trunk at the middle cervical ganglia?

A

It splits from vagosympathetic trunk to run by itself as the vagus nerve

60
Q

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve leaves…

A

Around aortic arch

61
Q

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve leaves around…

A

Right subclavian artery

62
Q

Pre-synaptic pathway for PNS?

A

Ventral branch of S1-S3

63
Q

PNS Synapse

A

Pelvic ganglia at pelvic plexus

64
Q

Cholinergic fibers include…

A

1-Preganglionic fibers from ANS and PNS
2- Postganglionic fibers from PNS only

65
Q

Sympathomimetic drugs are…

A

Drugs that mimic the sympathetic system at the neuroeffector junction

66
Q

Parasympathomimetic drugs are…

A

Drugs that mimic the PNS at the neuroeffector junction

67
Q

What do drugs that have a nicotinic effect do?

A

Stimulate the 2nd neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic ns

68
Q

What type of drugs act on alpha and beta receptors?

A

Sympathetic

69
Q

How do effectors with alpha receptor respond?

A

Contract smooth muscles (increase BP)

70
Q

How do effectors with beta receptors respond?

A

Relaxation of smooth, blood vessel muscles that supply the heart

71
Q

Preganglionic pathway to dilator muscle of the iris

A

1-neuronal cell bodies at T1-T3
2-rami communicans
3- thoracic sympathetic trunk
4- cervical sympathetic trunk

72
Q

Synapse of dilator muscle of the iris?

A

Cranial cervical ganglion

73
Q

Postganglionic pathway for dilator muscle of the iris

A

Fibers of the internal carotid artery that end at dilator muscle of iris

74
Q

Horner’s Syndrome is…

A

When the nervous pathway to the dilator muscle of the iris is interrupted

75
Q

Signs of horner’s syndrome are…

A

C6-T2 (brachial plexus) avulsion, loss of sympathetic innervation of eye, enopthalmus, protrusion of 3rd eyelid, miosis, ptosis

Anatomy (10 decks)

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