Vertebral Canal, spinal nerves

Question 1

The meninges are 3 connective tissues coverings that _____, protect, and suspend the brain and spinal cord within the cranial cavity and vertebral canal, respectively:

Which connective tissue lies against the internal surface of the dura mater?

This vascular membrane firmly adheres (covers) to the surface of the spinal cord?

In Between which layers contains the cerebrosinal fluid?

Answer 1

Meninges

The meninges are three connective tissue coverings that surround, protect, and suspend the brain and spinal cord within the cranial cavity and vertebral canal, respectively:

■ The dura mater is the thickest and most external of the coverings.

■ The arachnoid mater is against the internal surface of the dura mater.

■ Pia mater is the innermost layer of the meninges and wraps around the brain and spinal cord

Between the arachnoid and pia mater is the subarachnoid space, which contains CSF.

Question 2

This space extends further inferiorly than the spinal cord….to approx. the lower border of vertebra S2…and surrounds the caudal equina.

Answer 2

Subarachnoid space

Question 3

Where in the spinal column can CSF be withdrawn without endangering the spinal cord?

Answer 3

Subarachnoid space

Question 4

When carrying a spinal tap (collect CSF) where would the needle pass ? pass by which structures ?

Answer 4

Lumbar region, between the spinous processes, through the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments, and enters the extradural space. The needle continues through the dura and arachnoid mater and enters the subarachnoid space

Question 5

The spinal cord tapered into this structure:

The terminal cluster of roots at the end of the spinal cord that resembles a horsetail?

Answer 5

After the spinal cord end at the conus medullaris, the spinal nerve roots descends downward into the vertebral canal

cauda equina

Question 6

Each spinal nerve is connected to the spinal cord via:

Answer 6

anterior and posterior roots

Question 7

Which region of the spinal cord are injections of antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, and anesthetics injected?

Answer 7

Subarachnoid space… a procedure called the lumbar tap/puncture.

Question 8

Where in the body is their a large CSF-filled space containing lumbar and sacral nerve roots but no spinal cord.

Answer 8

Below L2 - S2 vertebra

Question 9

Epidural space

Subdural space

subarachnoid space

extradural space

Which space is filled with spinal fluids?

Answer 9

Epidural space is the area between the innerwalls vertebral canal and the dura of the spinal cord.

It is also known as the extradural space.

The subdural space is the space between the innermost layer of the dura mater and the outermost layer of the arachnoid mater

The subarachnoid space is the space between the innerlayer of the arachnoid and the pia mater.

The subarachnoid space

a needle is placed through the skin, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament and ligaments lava into the areolar tissue and fat around the dura mater. …… injects the space with an anesthetic agent which diffuses around the vertebral canal to numb the exiting nerve roots and diffuse into the subarachnoid space

Question 10

Anterior root of spinal nerves contain?

Answer 10

motor fibers which carry signals away from the CNS- the cell bodies of the primary Moto neurons are in anterior regions of the spinal cord.

Question 11

As each spinal nerve emerges from an intervertebral foramen, it divides into two major branches

Answer 11

divides into a small posterior ramus or a large anterior ramus.

Question 12

The posterior rami innervate only

Answer 12

intrinsic back muscles and an associated narrow strip of skin on the back

Question 13

the anterior rami innervate most other skeletal muscles (HYPAXIAL MUSCLE) of the body, including ……. and except

Answer 13

the limbs, and trunk, and most remaining areas of the skin, except for certain regions of the head

Question 14

Which branch of spinal nerve innervates the somatic sensory nerve ending in skin?

Answer 14

posterior branch

Question 15

Nerve ___ emerges between skull and C1 vertebra Whereas nerves ____ to ____ emerge superior to pedicles

Answer 15

C1 C2-C7

Question 16

Anterior rami of spinal nerve roots innervates: Whereas the posterior rami of spinal nerve roots innervates :

Answer 16

AR: Skeletal muscles of the body PR: intrinsic back muscles

Question 17

The spinal cord and cauda equina is enclosed in a sheath called the dura sac. The nerve roots are enclosed in dural sleeves that extend from the dural sac.

Question 18

The vertebral canal is bordered:

■ anteriorly

• by the bodies of the vertebrae,
• intervertebral discs, lie between the bodies
• posterior longitudinal ligament (stretch behind the discs)

■ laterally

• on each side by the pedicles
• and the intervertebral foramina

■ posteriorly

• by the laminae
• ligamenta flava,
• and in the median plane the roots of the interspinous ligaments and vertebral spinous processes.

The space between the vertebral canal and the dural sac is called:

Answer 18

The vertebral canal is bordered:

■ anteriorly

• by the bodies of the vertebrae,
• intervertebral discs, lie between the bodies
• posterior longitudinal ligament (stretch behind the discs)

■ laterally

• on each side by the pedicles
• and the intervertebral foramina

■ posteriorly

• by the laminae
• ligamenta flava,
• and in the median plane the roots of the interspinous ligaments and vertebral spinous processes.

Between the walls of the vertebral canal and the dural sac is an extradural space containing a vertebral plexus of veins embedded in fatty connective tissue.

Question 19

Distinctions between:

Dura mater

Dura Sac

Dura Sleeve

Answer 19

The dura mater is the outermost layer that wraps around the spinal cord. The dura sac is an extension of the dura mater that encloses the cauda equina, all the way from the spinal cord to the coccyx.

The dura sleeve is another extension of the dura mater that wraps around the spinal nerve roots that exit the intervertebral foramen

Question 21

Spinal Anestheisa versus Epidural blocks?

Where are they injected in the spine?

What is an epidural/extradural anesthesia?

Answer 21

The spinal anestheisa is injected into the Subarachnoid space at the level of the lumbar spine.

This is an injection site for during leg surgery

The epidural blocks are injected into the extradural space at the level of the sacrum. This is an injection site for pain medication for child birth

Question 22

Describe the two enlargements of the spinal cord.

What do they give rise to? occurs on which level of the spinal cord

Answer 22

C4-T1 - cervical enlargements

• give rise to the spinal nerve roots that form the brachial plexus to the upper extremity

T11-L1 - sacral and lumbar plexuses

• a widened area on the spinal cord that gives attachments to nerves that supply the lower extremity