Bones Joints and Arches of the Foot & Ankle Joints Flashcards
Intermetatarsal Joints
Synovial plane joints
-formed between the adjacent metatarsals
and supported by the long plantar ligament
Which Intertarsal Joints play a key role in providing movement of mid foot on hind foot?
- Talocalcaneal Joint 2. TalocalcanealNavicular Joint 3. CalcanealCuboid Joint
The Transverse (Mid) Tarsal Joint involves which Intertarsal Joints? (Select all that applies) 1. cuneonavicular joint 2. Dorsal Cuneocuboid ligament 3. Bifucate ligament 4. Talo-navicular joint
CalcaneoCuboid joint Talo-navicular part of the Talo-Calcaneal-Navicular Joint
Describe the CalcaneoCuboid Joint
Type, ligament, movement
Synovial plane joint
- inversion, eversion, and participate in supination and pronation of the forefoot on the hindfoot
- Support the lateral arch of the foot during weight bearing.
- Has a Dorsal and Plantar aspect
Dorsal ligaments
- Calcaneo-Cuboid part of the Bifurcate ligament
- Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament
Plantar Ligaments
- Short plantar ligament
- Long plantar ligament
Short plantar ligament runs from the underside of the Calcaneous to the plantar side oft the Cuboid
Long Plantar Ligament run from the Calcaneous behind the short plantar ligament and inserts into the base of the lateral 4 metatarsals.
The Talocalcaneonavicular Joint is what type of joint?
It is classified as a synovial ball & socket joint, but function more like a plane or condyloid joint It’s movement consist of eversion, inversion, pronation, and supination.
Where does the talocalcaneonavicular ligament (Spring) attach to? Due to this attachment what is its function?
From the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous to the lower edge of the back of the navicular Supports the head of the talus and the medial arch during weight bearing
Identify and describe the talocalcaneous/ subtalar joint?
Type of Joint, bones, Ligaments, movement
The talocalcaneous/subtalar joint is the articuation between the posterior facet of the calcaneous and the inferior surface of the talus.
This joint permits eversion and inversion of the midfoot on the hindfoot.
4 ligaments: LIMP
Lateral, interosseous, medial and posterior ligaments that connects the talus to the calcaneous.
Describe pronation and supination
Pronation - the sole of the foot moves away from the midline, pinky toe lifts, the ankle rolls in, the the foot is everted, dorsiflexion, abduction
Supination - the sole of the moves toward the body, big toe lifts, the ankle rolls out, the foot is inverted, plantarflexion, adduction
Key role of Tendon of Flexor Hallucis Longus
Attachment, Nerve Supply,
-distal phalanges of the big toe
the FHL contracts to shorten the medial arch during toe of or when landing on the toes.. this helps to maintain the medial arch of the foot during propulsion or landing
Which ligament supports the underside of the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
a)Long plantar ligament b) Dorsal talonavicuar ligament c) Short plantar ligament d) Spring ligament
D) Spring Ligament aka the talocalcanealnavicular ligament that reinforces the plantar aspect of the foot.
Tarsometatarsal Joints
Type, Ligaments, Bones
Synovial plane joints
Between the distal tarsal bones and the metatarsals
- articulation of medial cuniform with the 1st metatarsal
- mortice of 3 cuniforms with 2nd metatarsal
- 3rd metatarsal w/ lateral cuniform
4th and 5th metatarsal articate with the cuboid
Dorsal Tarsometatarsal ligaments
Plantar and Interosseous Tarsometatarsal Ligaments
Main function is for arch support
Then Type of Joints in the foot include (check all that applies) a) synovial condyloid joint b) plane joint c) ball and socket joint d) hinge joint
synovial plane, condyloid, ball and socket
The structures in the 2st layer of the plantar aspect of the foot
location, attachments, funtion, and nerve supply
2 Intrinsic Foot muscles:
These 2 muscles are accessory muscles to the flexor digitorum longus.
Quadratus Plantae:
- Inserts into the FDL tendons & helps the FDL to flex the toes,
- supply by the Lateral Plantar Nerve, S1, S2, S3
Lumbricals:
-arise out of the tendon of FDL & and insert into extensor hood of toes 2-5
- Action: flexion of MTP joints
- Function: resist excessive extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints
- Action: extension of IP joints
- resist excessive flexion of the interphalangeal joints when the heel leaves the ground during walking.
lumbrical 1 - medial plantar nerve, S1-S3
Lumbrical 2-4 - lateral plantar nerve. S1-S3
Receives blood supply from othe medial or plantar artery
2 Tendons of Extrinisc Foot Muscles
Flexor hallucis longus:
Originate: Posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
Insert: Plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Flexes great toe
Flexor digitorum longus
- O: Medial side of posterior surface of the tibia
- I: Plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
- Flexes lateral four toes
Receives blood supply from the posterior tibial artery
Describe The Long Plantar Ligament
- connects the Calcaneous to the cuboid and metatarsals of the foot on the plantar aspect - it supports longitudinal arch of the foot -also provides support for the inter metatarsal Joints of the foot
Which ligament support the arches of the foot?
Ligaments that support the arches include the
- plantar calcaneonavicular (spring ligament),
- plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar ligament), and
- long plantar ligaments,
- and the plantar aponeurosis.
The clinical subtalar joint involves which Intertarsal Joints? (select from below) 1. CalcaneoCuboid Joint 2. TaloCalcaneal Joint 3. Cuneocuboid Joint 4. Intercuneiform joint 5. Talo-Calcaneal-Navicular Joint
TaloCalcaneal Joint Talo-Calcaneal part of the Talo-Calcaneal-Navicular Joint
Abductor Big Toe
Abductor Pinky Toe
Flexor Digits Shorty
Location, attachment, Function, Nerve Supply
Layer 1 of intrinsic muscles on the plantar aspect of the foot.
Abduct and flex the big toe at the metaphalangeal joint
Abduct the little toe at the metaphalangeal joint
Flexes the lateral 4 toes at the interphalagneal joint
They arise from the same nerve roots S1-S3
abductor big toe and shorty digits arise from the medial plantar nerve
the abductor little toe arise from the lateral plantar nerve
The plantar aspect of tfoot is supplied by the medial and plantar artery
Which interTarsal Joints play a critical role in gaining arch support of the mid foot on the hind foot ?
- CuneoNavicular Joint 2. Intercuniform Joints 3. Cuneocuboid Joint
Interphalangeal Joints
Hinge Joint
Proximal and a distal phalangeal joint
flexion and extension
The Subtalar (Talocalcaneal )Joint produces which type of movement?
What Type of joint is the Subtalar Joint?
A very small amount of inversion and eversion
Describe the TaloCalcaneousNavicular Joint.
Type, Ligaments, Movement
A ball & Socket Joint but acts more like a plane joint, allowing for eversion and inversion.
This joint reinforces the medial side of the foot.
It has 2 parts:
A) Talocalcaneo part
B) Talonavicular part
3 ligaments (Lateral, plantar, dorsal)
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (join the sustentaculum tali & navicular)
Dorsal (superior): Talonavicular ligament (head of talus & posterior surface of navicular)
Lateral: Calcaneo-navicular part of the bifucate ligament
- Flexor Big Toe, Shorty
- Adductor Big Toe, brevis
- Flexor Little Toe, Shorty
location, attachments, functions, nerve supply & roots, and vascular supply
Medial PN 1, 2
Lateral PN 2,3
3rd layer of intrinisic foot muscles on the plantar aspect
This 3rd layer of the plantar aspect from medial to lateral is
Flexor Hallucis Brevis:
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor Digiti Minimi, Brevis:
Flexor hallucis brevis
O:
cuboid and lateral cuneiform;
tendon of tibialis posterior
I:
Lateral and medial sides of proximal phalanx of the great toe
Medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe
Adductor hallucis
Transverse head—
ligaments associated with metatarsophalangeal joints of lateral three toes; oblique head—
bases of metatarsals II to IV and from sheath covering fibularis longus Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Base of metatarsal V and related sheath of fibularis longus tendon
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
Describe the structures of layer 4 on the plantar side of the foot
Attachments, function, nerve and vascular supply, roots,
Dorsal and plantar muscles
2 tendons of extrinsic foot muscles
Dorsal interossei
-4 dorsal interossei
– are the most superior muscles in the sole of the foot
Action:
abduct the lateral four toes relative to the long axis through the second toe
Origin:
-from the sides of metatarsals
I:
into the free margin of the extensor hoods and base of the proximal phalanges of the toes.
Special: The second toe can be abducted to either side of its long axis, so it has two dorsal interossei associated with it, one on each side.
Function:
- In addition to abduction,
the dorsal interossei act through the extensor hoods to resist extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints.
- the lateral plantar nerve, s2, S3
- In addition:
the 1st & 2nd dorsal interossei also receive branches on their superior surfaces from the deep fibular nerve.
Plantar Interossei
O:
3 individual muscles attached on the
Medial sides of metatarsals of toes 3 & 4
I:
- bases of proximal phalanges of toes III to V
Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve (S2, S3)
-Adduction of toes 3 to 5 at metatarsophalangeal joints;
resist extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints
Tendon of tibialis posterior
- arise from posterior surfaces of the interosseous membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula
Inserts
-the tendon shorts behind the medial malleolus, and attached into the navicular tuberosity and the middle cuniform bone.
Supplied by the tibial nerve, L4 & L5
and posterior tibial artery
It invert and plantarflex the foot, also support the medial arch during walking.
Tendon of the Fibularis Longus
-crosses behind the lateral malleolus to reach the base of the 1st metatarsal
plantar flex the ankle joint
and evert the foot
innervated by the superficial fibular nerve, L5,1,2 and the fibular artery and posterior tibial artery
