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TAP > Vertebrae Ribs Sternum Muscles > Flashcards

Vertebrae Ribs Sternum Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

where does the thorax extend

A

the root of the neck to the abdomen.

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2
Q

what are the main functions of the thorax

A
  • Respiration
  • Protection of vital organs
  • Support for breast
  • Conduit: Structures passing to/from neck and abdomen
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3
Q

what are the thorax lines

A
  • Anterior Thoracic Lines
  • Axillary Lines
  • Posterior Thoracic Lines
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4
Q

what are the true ribs

A

1-7 articulate directly to the sternum

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5
Q

what are the false ribs

A

8-10 - articulate indirectly with sternum by attaching to rib 7

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6
Q

what are the floating ribs

A

11 and 12 (sometimes 10)
- direct connection to sternum

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7
Q

what are the three parts of the sternum

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid Process
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8
Q

what are the demi facets

A

The demifacets are on the superior and inferior posterolateral sides of the vertebrae.
This arrangement enables the superior demifacet of inferior vertebrae to articulate with the head of the same rib that articulates with the inferior demifacet of a superior rib.

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9
Q

what are the differences between typical and atypical thoracic vertebrae

A

due to the way the ribs join onto vertebral body
typical vertebrae the rib joins to demifacet of vertebrae

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10
Q

which thoracic vertebrae are typical

A

T2-T8

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11
Q

which thoracic vertebrae are aytpical

A

T1, T9-T12

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12
Q

which ribs are typical

A

2-8

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13
Q

which ribs are atypical

A

1, 2, 10 – 12

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14
Q

what are the 4 thoracic joint

A

the sternal joints (between the parts of the sternum)

the sternocostal joints (between the sternum and costal cartilages)

the costochondral joints (between the ribs and costal cartilages)

the interchondral joints (between adjacent costal cartilages).

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15
Q

decribe sternocostal joints

A

1st rib = primary cartilaginous.
Ribs 2 to 7 = plane synovial.
All usually (6, 7 may be absent) are single synovial joint except for the 2nd which is double

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16
Q

what is the function of sternocostal joints

A

slight gliding movements

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17
Q

what is the floor of the thorax

A

diaphragm

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18
Q

what tissue is the roof of the thorax

A

suprapleural membrane

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19
Q

what is the walls of the thorax

A

ribs and intercostal muscles (3 layers)

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20
Q

what are the 3 layers of thoracic muscle

A

external intercostal,
internal intercostal and transversus thoracis group

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21
Q

what are the accesory repsiratory muscles for inhalation

A

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
pectoralsi minor
serratus anterior

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22
Q

what are the accesory repsiratory muscles for exhalation

A

internal intercostal
transversus thoracis
extranl oblique
rectus abdominis
internal oblique

23
Q

what are the primary repiratory muscles for inhalation

A

diaphragm
extrenal intercostal muscles

24
Q

what are the layers of the transversus thoracis

A

posteriorly - subcostalis
anteriorly - sternocostalis
laterally - innermost intercostal

25
what is thoracentesis
is an invasive medical procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
26
where do anterior veins in intercostal space drain
into the musculophrenic and internal thoracic veins
27
where do posterior veins in intercostal space drain
into the azygos vein on the right, and the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos on the left
28
what are the two terminal branches of the internal thoraic artery
the musculophrenic artery, and the superior epigastric artery
29
what veins are in each intercostal space
there are one posterior and two anterior intercostal veins, plus one collateral vein
30
where does lymph in the thoraic wall drain
drains to parasternal, intercostal and diaphragmatic nodes
31
what are 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces supplied dorsally by
supplied dorsally by the superior intercostal artery from the costocervical trunk.
32
what are intercostal spaces 7-9 supplied by
musculophrenic branch of the internal thoracic
33
Anteriorly, the upper six IC spaces are supplied by branches of the _____
internal thoracic artery
34
3rd IC space and lower are supplied dorsally by
branches of the descending aorta
35
where is the aortic area
second right intercostal space
36
where is the pulmonic area
second left intercostal space
37
where is erb's point
third left intercostal space
38
where is the tricuspid area
forth left intercostal space
39
where is the mitral area or apex
fifth left intercostal space
40
what is the endothoracic fascia
- deep to the intercostal spaces and ribs, separating these structures from the underlying pleura. Outermost membrane of the thoracic cavity
41
describe Costochondral Joints
(Cartilaginous, Synchondrosis) Between the ribs and their costal cartilages. Function: Provides elasticity to the rib cage.
42
describe interchondral joints
(Synovial, Plane) Between the costal cartilages of ribs 8-10.
43
describe xiphisternal joint
(Cartilaginous, Symphysis) Between the body of the sternum and xiphoid process.
44
describe the Manubriosternal joint (angle of Louis):
( secondary cartilaginous/ symphysis.) Between the manubrium and body of the sternum.
45
describe Sternoclavicular joints
(synovial saddle joint) Between the sternum (manubrium) and the clavicle.
46
describe costovertrebral joints
(Synovial, Plane) Between the head of the rib and the demifacets of two adjacent thoracic vertebrae and the intervertebral disc.
47
describe costotransverse joints
(Synovial, Plane) Between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra (ribs 1–10).
48
what are thoracic muscles innervated by
anterior rami of spinal nerves (intercostal nerves) Each nerve gives off lateral cutaneous and collateral branches
49
what do collateral nerves supply
muscles, pleura and periosteum
50
WHAT IS THE SPINAL LEVEL OF THE MANUBRIOSTERNAL JUNCTION (STERNAL PLANE)?
T4–T5 Level
51
Where in the intercostal space is the neurovascular plane located ?
between the internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles
52
What structure closes of the thoracic cavity above?
Suprapleural membrane
53
What structure does the midline ridge of the head of the rib attach to?
Intervertebral disc
54

TAP (6 decks)

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