Pleural Cavities, Bronchi and Lungs

Question 1

what are globlet cells

Answer 1

Secrete mucus to trap dust in the respiratory tract

Question 2

what is the function of ciliated cells

Answer 2

Cilia sweep mucus and trapped particles toward the throat, where they can be swallowed or coughed out.

Question 3

what is the function of clara cells

Answer 3

found in the bronchioles of the lungs
Secretion of Protective Substances
Regulation of Inflammation

Question 4

what covers the lungs

Answer 4

viseral pleura

Question 5

which lung is shorter

Answer 5

left

Question 6

what does the trachea develop from

Answer 6

lung bud

Question 7

what are the two fissures in the lungs and what is the function

Answer 7

Oblique - separates left lung into superior and inferior lobes
Horizontal - divides right lung into superior,middle, inferior lobe

Question 8

what is The parietal pleura

Answer 8

the outer layer of the pleura
It lines the inner surface of the chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum (the central space between the lungs).

Question 9

what is the costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleural cavity

Answer 9

a potential space in the pleural cavity located at the junction of the costal pleura (lining the ribs) and the diaphragmatic pleura (lining the diaphragm)
Acts as a reservoir for pleural fluid

Question 10

where does trachea begin

Answer 10

cricotracheal membrane at C6

Question 11

what are the segments of the right primary bronchus

Answer 11

superior, middle and inferior lobar bronchus

Question 12

what are the segments of the left primary bronchus

Answer 12

superior and inferior lobar bronchus

Question 13

what is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 13

bronchi are made of cartilage rings
bronchioles are made of smooth muscle

Question 14

how many generations are there of small intrasegmental bronchi

Answer 14

15

Question 15

what are terminal bronchioles

Answer 15

Conduct air but do not participate in gas exchange.
They give rise to respiratory bronchioles,

Question 16

what are respiratory bronchioles

Answer 16

first airway to have a small body of alveoli
where gas exchange begins.

Question 17

how many generations are there of large intrasegmental bronchi

Answer 17

5

Question 18

what are type I alveolar cells

Answer 18

• Facilitate gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion) due to their thinness.
• Form the alveolar-capillary barrier
• 95% of the alveolar surface.

Question 19

what are type II alveolar cells

Answer 19

secretes surfactant, a substance that reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse.

Question 20

what is the hilum

Answer 20

on the medial surface of the lungs where various structures enter and exit the lungs

Question 21

what is the lung root

Answer 21

contains bronchi, pulmonary arteries and veins, lymph vessels

Question 22

what are the medial relations on the right lung

Answer 22

subclavian artery and vein
azygos vein
esophagus
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava

Question 23

what are the medial relations on the left lung

Answer 23

left subclavian artery
thoracic aorta
aortic arch
esophagus
left branchiocephalic vein

Question 24

what is a bronchopulmonary segemnt

Answer 24

an independent functioning segment of lung which can be removed if their is disease
contains own segmental brochi,
supplied by a specific branch of the pulmonary artery and drained by a segmental vein.

Question 25

is the pulmonary plexus autonomic or somantic

Answer 25

autonomic

Question 26

what is the parietal pleura function

Answer 26

sensitive to pain, temperature, touch and pressure

Question 27

what is the costal pleura innevated by

Answer 27

intercostal nerves

Question 28

what is the diaphragmatic pleura innervated by

Answer 28

over domes by phreic nerve the periphery by lower six intercostal nerves

Question 29

what is the visceral pleura innervated by

Answer 29

the pulmonary plexus

Question 30

what is the mediastinal pleura innervated by

Answer 30

phrenic nerve

Question 31

what are the two systems of drainage in the lungs

Answer 31

superficial subpleural deep lympahtic

Question 32

what can you see in the hilim

Answer 32

bronchi pulmonary arteries and veins lymph vessels nerves

Question 33

where do brochopulamonary nodes drain to

Answer 33

into the tracheobronchial nodes.

Question 34

what are the bronchi of the superior lobar bronchus on the right

Answer 34

apical segmental posterior segemntal anterior segmental

Question 35

what are the bronchi on the left superior lobar bronchus

Answer 35

apicoposterior segmental anterior segmental lingular division - superior lingular segmental - inferior lingular segmantal

Question 36

what are the bronchi of the right middle lobar bronchus

Answer 36

lateral segmental medial segmental superior segmental

Question 37

what are the bronchi of the right inferior lobar bronchus

Answer 37

anterior, lateral, medial, posterior basal segmental

Question 38

what are the bronchi of the left inferior lobar bronchi

Answer 38

superior segmental lateral, posterior, anteriomedial basal segmental

Question 39

where does the parasympathetic part of the pulmonary plexus originate

Answer 39

vagus nerve

Question 40

where does the sympathetic part of the pulmonary plexus originate

Answer 40

sympathetic trunk

Question 41

what is the function of the parasympathetic system in relation to bronchi

Answer 41

dilate blood vessels (vasodilation) and constrict bronchi

Question 42

what is the function of the sympathetic system in relation to bronchi

Answer 42

constrict blood vessels (vasoconstriction) and dilate bronchi

Question 43

where do bronchial arteries arise

Answer 43

aortic arch or intercostal arteries

Question 44

what does the superficial lymphatic system drain and where does it drain to

Answer 44

drains from the visceral pleuraand the subpleural tissue. drain towards the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

Question 45

what does the deep lymphatic system drain and where does it drain to

Answer 45

drains the bronchi and larger blood vessels in the lungs, including the bronchial vessels. drain into bronchopulmonary lymph nodes