Vertebrae 2 Flashcards
Joint btwn the skull and atlas
State its directional movement
Atlantooccipital joint; yes!
Joint btwn the atlas and axis
State its directional movement
Atlantoaxial joint; no!
Atlast connects to the skull at …… ……
occipital condyles
What type of joint is atlantooccipital joint?
Ginglymus (hinge) joint
State the two attachment that helps to secure atlantooccipital joint
Lateral ligaments and atlantooccipital membrane
What type of joint is atlantoaxial joint?
Pivot joint
Axis’s ….. sits on the ventral arch of atlas
Dens (odontoid peg)
State the four attachment that helps to secure atlantoaxial joint
Alar ligaments, transverse ligament of the atlas, apical ligament and dorsal atlantoaxial ligament
Joint btwn auricular surface to iliac wing
Sacroiliac joint
State the function of sacroiliac joint
Transfer weight from trunk to pelvis
State the two structures that make up pelvic bridge
Pubis and Ischium
Long ligament that runs along dorsal surfaces of vertebral bodies
State which part of vertebral column
Dorsal longitudinal ligament; Axis to sacrum
Long ligament that runs along ventral surfaces of vertebral bodies
State which part of vertebral column
Ventral longitudinal ligament; mid-thorax to sacrum
Ligament that joins summits of spinous processes
State which part of vertebral column
supraspinous ligament; thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Supraspinous ligament continues cranially as …….
nuchal ligament
State the two structures of horse’s nuchal ligaments
Why such developed structures exist?
laminar and funicular parts; support the weight of head
Ligaments btwn sucessive vertebral arches
Interarcuate ligament
Ligaments btwn sucessive spinous processes
Interspinous ligaments
Ligaments btwn the heads of ribs
Intercapital ligaments
Ligaments btwn transverse processes
Intertransverse ligaments
State the position of intercapital ligaments in regards to vertebral disc and longitudinal discs
Above intervertebral discs and under the dorsal longitudinal ligament
Group of muscles that lie above transverse processes
State its movement on the spine
Epaxial muscles; extend the spine
Group of muscles that lie under transverse processes
State its movement on the spine
Hypaxial muscles; flex the spine
Name the three groups of epaxial muscles
Transversospinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis groups
Joints btwn the ribs and cranial part of respective vertebral bodies
Costovertebral articulations
State how costovertebral articulations are formed
The head of rib connects the cranial costal facet of its respective vertebra but also the caudal costal facet of the previous vertebra.
Joints btwn the ribs and transverse processes
Costotransverse articulations
State how costotransverse articulations are formed
The tubercle of rib articulates with the transverse processes
States the five structures of ribs
head, tubercle, neck, angle, and body
Connection btwn. ribs and costal cartilage
Costochondral junction
Give an example of muscle that attaches to the angle of ribs
Iliocostalis muscle
Give an example of muscle that attaches to the shaft of ribs
Intercostal muscle
State how the shape of rib’s shaft may be different btwn. carnivores and ruminants
Carnivores - more cylindrical
Ruminants - more flattened
Vascular bundle lies on which side of rib
Caudal surface
What are “true” ribs?
Ribs articulate directly with the sternum at intersternebral cartilage
What are “false” ribs?
Ribs joins the cartilage of the next most cranial rib
What is a “floating” rib?
Rib is unconnected to the sternum
An arrangement formed by “false” ribs
Costal arch
State the function of intercapital ligaments
They help to prevent disc prolapse/ extruded material
States the three main structures of ribs
Manubrium (cranial), body (sternebrae and intersternebral cartilages), and xiphoid
How can xiphoid help to support the cranial abdominal floor?
It forms an attachment with linea alba
State the interspecies variation of sternum (dogs & cats, herbivores, horse, and ruminants)
Dogs and cats - rodlike manubrium; cylindrical sterebrae
Herbivores - latterally compressed manubrium
Horse - extensive cartilage
Ruminants - wide and flat sternum
