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Animal Body 1 > Vertebrae 2 > Flashcards

Vertebrae 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Joint btwn the skull and atlas

State its directional movement

A

Atlantooccipital joint; yes!

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2
Q

Joint btwn the atlas and axis

State its directional movement

A

Atlantoaxial joint; no!

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3
Q

Atlast connects to the skull at …… ……

A

occipital condyles

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4
Q

What type of joint is atlantooccipital joint?

A

Ginglymus (hinge) joint

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5
Q

State the two attachment that helps to secure atlantooccipital joint

A

Lateral ligaments and atlantooccipital membrane

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6
Q

What type of joint is atlantoaxial joint?

A

Pivot joint

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7
Q

Axis’s ….. sits on the ventral arch of atlas

A

Dens (odontoid peg)

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8
Q

State the four attachment that helps to secure atlantoaxial joint

A

Alar ligaments, transverse ligament of the atlas, apical ligament and dorsal atlantoaxial ligament

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9
Q

Joint btwn auricular surface to iliac wing

A

Sacroiliac joint

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10
Q

State the function of sacroiliac joint

A

Transfer weight from trunk to pelvis

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11
Q

State the two structures that make up pelvic bridge

A

Pubis and Ischium

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12
Q

Long ligament that runs along dorsal surfaces of vertebral bodies
State which part of vertebral column

A

Dorsal longitudinal ligament; Axis to sacrum

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13
Q

Long ligament that runs along ventral surfaces of vertebral bodies
State which part of vertebral column

A

Ventral longitudinal ligament; mid-thorax to sacrum

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14
Q

Ligament that joins summits of spinous processes

State which part of vertebral column

A

supraspinous ligament; thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

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15
Q

Supraspinous ligament continues cranially as …….

A

nuchal ligament

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16
Q

State the two structures of horse’s nuchal ligaments

Why such developed structures exist?

A

laminar and funicular parts; support the weight of head

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17
Q

Ligaments btwn sucessive vertebral arches

A

Interarcuate ligament

18
Q

Ligaments btwn sucessive spinous processes

A

Interspinous ligaments

19
Q

Ligaments btwn the heads of ribs

A

Intercapital ligaments

20
Q

Ligaments btwn transverse processes

A

Intertransverse ligaments

21
Q

State the position of intercapital ligaments in regards to vertebral disc and longitudinal discs

A

Above intervertebral discs and under the dorsal longitudinal ligament

22
Q

Group of muscles that lie above transverse processes

State its movement on the spine

A

Epaxial muscles; extend the spine

23
Q

Group of muscles that lie under transverse processes

State its movement on the spine

A

Hypaxial muscles; flex the spine

24
Q

Name the three groups of epaxial muscles

A

Transversospinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis groups

25
Q

Joints btwn the ribs and cranial part of respective vertebral bodies

A

Costovertebral articulations

26
Q

State how costovertebral articulations are formed

A

The head of rib connects the cranial costal facet of its respective vertebra but also the caudal costal facet of the previous vertebra.

27
Q

Joints btwn the ribs and transverse processes

A

Costotransverse articulations

28
Q

State how costotransverse articulations are formed

A

The tubercle of rib articulates with the transverse processes

29
Q

States the five structures of ribs

A

head, tubercle, neck, angle, and body

30
Q

Connection btwn. ribs and costal cartilage

A

Costochondral junction

31
Q

Give an example of muscle that attaches to the angle of ribs

A

Iliocostalis muscle

32
Q

Give an example of muscle that attaches to the shaft of ribs

A

Intercostal muscle

33
Q

State how the shape of rib’s shaft may be different btwn. carnivores and ruminants

A

Carnivores - more cylindrical

Ruminants - more flattened

34
Q

Vascular bundle lies on which side of rib

A

Caudal surface

35
Q

What are “true” ribs?

A

Ribs articulate directly with the sternum at intersternebral cartilage

36
Q

What are “false” ribs?

A

Ribs joins the cartilage of the next most cranial rib

37
Q

What is a “floating” rib?

A

Rib is unconnected to the sternum

38
Q

An arrangement formed by “false” ribs

A

Costal arch

39
Q

State the function of intercapital ligaments

A

They help to prevent disc prolapse/ extruded material

40
Q

States the three main structures of ribs

A

Manubrium (cranial), body (sternebrae and intersternebral cartilages), and xiphoid

41
Q

How can xiphoid help to support the cranial abdominal floor?

A

It forms an attachment with linea alba

42
Q

State the interspecies variation of sternum (dogs & cats, herbivores, horse, and ruminants)

A

Dogs and cats - rodlike manubrium; cylindrical sterebrae
Herbivores - latterally compressed manubrium
Horse - extensive cartilage
Ruminants - wide and flat sternum

Animal Body 1 (9 decks)

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