Vertebrae 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Joint btwn the skull and atlas

State its directional movement

A

Atlantooccipital joint; yes!

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2
Q

Joint btwn the atlas and axis

State its directional movement

A

Atlantoaxial joint; no!

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3
Q

Atlast connects to the skull at …… ……

A

occipital condyles

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4
Q

What type of joint is atlantooccipital joint?

A

Ginglymus (hinge) joint

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5
Q

State the two attachment that helps to secure atlantooccipital joint

A

Lateral ligaments and atlantooccipital membrane

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6
Q

What type of joint is atlantoaxial joint?

A

Pivot joint

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7
Q

Axis’s ….. sits on the ventral arch of atlas

A

Dens (odontoid peg)

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8
Q

State the four attachment that helps to secure atlantoaxial joint

A

Alar ligaments, transverse ligament of the atlas, apical ligament and dorsal atlantoaxial ligament

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9
Q

Joint btwn auricular surface to iliac wing

A

Sacroiliac joint

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10
Q

State the function of sacroiliac joint

A

Transfer weight from trunk to pelvis

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11
Q

State the two structures that make up pelvic bridge

A

Pubis and Ischium

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12
Q

Long ligament that runs along dorsal surfaces of vertebral bodies
State which part of vertebral column

A

Dorsal longitudinal ligament; Axis to sacrum

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13
Q

Long ligament that runs along ventral surfaces of vertebral bodies
State which part of vertebral column

A

Ventral longitudinal ligament; mid-thorax to sacrum

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14
Q

Ligament that joins summits of spinous processes

State which part of vertebral column

A

supraspinous ligament; thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

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15
Q

Supraspinous ligament continues cranially as …….

A

nuchal ligament

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16
Q

State the two structures of horse’s nuchal ligaments

Why such developed structures exist?

A

laminar and funicular parts; support the weight of head

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17
Q

Ligaments btwn sucessive vertebral arches

A

Interarcuate ligament

18
Q

Ligaments btwn sucessive spinous processes

A

Interspinous ligaments

19
Q

Ligaments btwn the heads of ribs

A

Intercapital ligaments

20
Q

Ligaments btwn transverse processes

A

Intertransverse ligaments

21
Q

State the position of intercapital ligaments in regards to vertebral disc and longitudinal discs

A

Above intervertebral discs and under the dorsal longitudinal ligament

22
Q

Group of muscles that lie above transverse processes

State its movement on the spine

A

Epaxial muscles; extend the spine

23
Q

Group of muscles that lie under transverse processes

State its movement on the spine

A

Hypaxial muscles; flex the spine

24
Q

Name the three groups of epaxial muscles

A

Transversospinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis groups

25
Joints btwn the ribs and cranial part of respective vertebral bodies
Costovertebral articulations
26
State how costovertebral articulations are formed
The head of rib connects the cranial costal facet of its respective vertebra but also the caudal costal facet of the previous vertebra.
27
Joints btwn the ribs and transverse processes
Costotransverse articulations
28
State how costotransverse articulations are formed
The tubercle of rib articulates with the transverse processes
29
States the five structures of ribs
head, tubercle, neck, angle, and body
30
Connection btwn. ribs and costal cartilage
Costochondral junction
31
Give an example of muscle that attaches to the angle of ribs
Iliocostalis muscle
32
Give an example of muscle that attaches to the shaft of ribs
Intercostal muscle
33
State how the shape of rib's shaft may be different btwn. carnivores and ruminants
Carnivores - more cylindrical | Ruminants - more flattened
34
Vascular bundle lies on which side of rib
Caudal surface
35
What are "true" ribs?
Ribs articulate directly with the sternum at intersternebral cartilage
36
What are "false" ribs?
Ribs joins the cartilage of the next most cranial rib
37
What is a "floating" rib?
Rib is unconnected to the sternum
38
An arrangement formed by "false" ribs
Costal arch
39
State the function of intercapital ligaments
They help to prevent disc prolapse/ extruded material
40
States the three main structures of ribs
Manubrium (cranial), body (sternebrae and intersternebral cartilages), and xiphoid
41
How can xiphoid help to support the cranial abdominal floor?
It forms an attachment with linea alba
42
State the interspecies variation of sternum (dogs & cats, herbivores, horse, and ruminants)
Dogs and cats - rodlike manubrium; cylindrical sterebrae Herbivores - latterally compressed manubrium Horse - extensive cartilage Ruminants - wide and flat sternum