Vertebrae 1

Question 1

What are the four main functions of skeleton?

Answer 1

Posture, locomotion, attachment, and protection

Question 2

Name the three categories of skeleton

Answer 2

Axial, appendicular, and splanchnic skeleton

Question 3

Name the six common features of vertebrae

Answer 3

Vertebral body, arch, spinous process, articular process, transverse process, and vertebral canal

Question 4

Name the two components that make up vertebral arch

Answer 4

Pedicle and lamina

Question 5

Another name for Intervertebral joint

Answer 5

Symphysis

Question 6

What is symphysis made of?

Answer 6

Intervertebral disc

Question 7

What is intervertebral disc made of?

Answer 7

Hyaline ligament, annulus fibrosus, and nucleus pulposus

Question 8

Describe the features of annulus fibrosis

Answer 8

Fiberous and ring-like CT fused with hyaline lig.

Question 9

Describe the feature of nucleus pulposus

Answer 9

Gel-like substance which helps absorb impacts

Question 10

Name the processes that lie on the dorsal aspect of vertebral bodies

Answer 10

Spinous processes

Question 11

Name the processes that lie on the lateral aspect of vertebral bodies

Answer 11

Transverse processes

Question 12

Name the processes that lie on the crano/caudoventral aspect of vertebral bodies

Answer 12

Articular processes

Question 13

Name the sites that form joints between arches

Answer 13

Articular facets

Question 14

Name the joints between arches

Answer 14

Synovial joints

Question 15

What are the three main functions of transverse and spinous processes?

Answer 15

Vertebral stability, visceral protection, and locomotion

Question 16

The mobility of vertebral column depends on articular facets’ ….. and …..

Answer 16

orientation and size

Question 17

Name the orientation of articular facets that are found in cranial aspect of thoracic vertebrae and cervical vertebrae
State what movement it enables

Answer 17

Tangent orientation; rotation and lateral extension/flexion

Question 18

Name the orientation of articular facets that are found in caudal aspect of thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae
State what movement it enables

Answer 18

Radial orientation; extension and flexion

Question 19

Name C1

Answer 19

Atlas

Question 20

What are three main features of C1?

Answer 20

No vertebral body, have dorsal and ventral arches, and large palpable transverse wings

Question 21

Name C2

Answer 21

Axis

Question 22

What are four main features of C2?

Answer 22

Large and robust spinous process, large cranial articular facet, longest vertebra, and dens (odontoid peg)

Question 23

Describe the three main features of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 23

Small vertebral body, small transverse process, and large spinous process

Question 24

Name the facets which form articulations with ribs

Answer 24

Costal facets

Question 25

Describe the differences btwn. diaphragmatic vertebra and anticlinal vertebra

Answer 25

The former has spinous p. which lies on the caudal aspect while the latter on lies on the cranial aspect

Question 26

Describe the orientation of articulation btwn. diaphragmatic vertebra and anticlinal vertebra

Answer 26

Radial orientation

Question 27

Describe the three main features of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 27

Long body, wide and robust spinous process and large transverse process

Question 28

Describe the difference between lumbar transverse processes of herbivores and carnivores
Why does it have to be that way for herbivores?

Answer 28

Carnivores - ventrocranial

Herbivores - ventrolateral for greater muscle attachment near gut areas

Question 29

Name the distinct feature of sacrum

Answer 29

Oricular surface

Question 30

Ruminants have ……. on their sacrum

Answer 30

Spinous processes

Question 31

Name the special processes found in coccygeal vertebrae

Describe its feature and function

Answer 31

Haemal arch/process is a ventral projection protecting the ventral blood vessels

Question 32

What are the differences btwn. cranial and caudal coccygeal vertebrae?

Answer 32

Cau. are more simple rod-shaped while the cranial have prominent processes