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Anatomy 214 > Vertebra, sternum and ribs > Flashcards

Vertebra, sternum and ribs Flashcards

1
Q

Spina bifida

A

Incomplete midline closure of 2 halves of neural arches

Mostly in lumbosacral region of spine – but any spinal segment (atlas to sacrum)

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2
Q

Spina bifida

2 types

A
  1. SBO (spina bifida occulta)

2. SBC (spina bifida cystica or aperta)

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3
Q

SBO (spina bifida occulta)

A

neural tissue and meningeal structures do not protrude through opening; may go *unnoticed.
On skeleton: slit between 2 halves of unfused neural arches (most commonly on sacrum).

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4
Q

SBC (spina bifida cystica or aperta)

A

meningeal structures and neural tissue protrude through defect, thus more severe type of spina bifida - can be fatal

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5
Q

Spina bifida

3 grades of severity depending on structures that protrudes through defect:

A
  1. meningocele (meninges and nerve roots protrude)
  2. myelomeningocele (spinal cord and meninges protrude)
  3. myelocele (skin and dura fail to close)
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6
Q

3 movement pairs of the spine

A
  1. Flexion vs Extension
  2. Lateral flexion (bending) vs Lateral extension
  3. Rotation
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7
Q

how many cervical vertebrae

A

7

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8
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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9
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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10
Q

how many fused sacral vertebrae make up sacrum

A

5

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11
Q

how many fused coccygeal vertebrae make up coccyx

A

4

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12
Q

5 fxns of vertebral column

A
  1. Protects spinal cord & spinal nerves
  2. Supports weight of the body
  3. Provides partly rigid & flexible axis for body
  4. Provide a pivot for head
  5. Plays NB role in posture & locomotion
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13
Q

what is it called when you have coronal plane curvature

A

scoliosis

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14
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral (coronal) curvature / rotation of vertebra

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15
Q

4 types of sagittal plane curvatures

A
  1. Cervical= Lordosis 20°- 40°
  2. Thoracic= Kyphosis 20°- 40°
  3. Lumbar = Lordosis 30°- 50°
  4. Sacral = Kyphosis
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16
Q

2 vertebral regions affected by lordosis and the degrees

A
  1. cervical (20- 40 degrees)

2. lumbar (30-50 degrees)

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17
Q

2 arches of a vertebra

A
  1. anterior arch

2. posterior arch

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18
Q

anterior arch of vertebra consists of

A
  1. vertebral body

2. anterior 1/3 of pedicles

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19
Q

posterior arch consists of

A
  1. posterior 2/3 of pedicles
  2. lamina
  3. processes
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20
Q

what is the joint called that occurs between the inferior articular process of one vertebra and the superior articular process of another

A

zygapophyseal joint (facet joint)

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21
Q

3 identifiable characteristics of cervical vertebral:

body, vertebral foramen, spine

A
  1. body= small, elongated
  2. vertebral foramen =largest, triangular
  3. spine = short, bifid
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22
Q

3 identifiable characteristics of thoracic vertebra: body, vertebral foramen, spine

A
  1. body= heart shaped, has facets for ribs
  2. vertebral foramen= smallest, circular
  3. spine = long, sloping
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23
Q

3 identifiable characteristics of lumbar vertebra:

body, vertebral foramen, spine

A
  1. body= large, kidney shaped
  2. vertebral foramen = intermediate size, triangular
  3. spine= large, broad, hatchet-shaped
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24
Q

c1 (atlas) id by 5 characteristics

A
  1. enlarged superior articular facet that articulates with skull
  2. short transverse process
  3. no body
  4. no spinous process
  5. facet for dens (inside vertebral foramen)
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25
Q

c2 axis id by

A

dens/ odontoid process (only vertebra with dens)

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26
Q

which thoracic vertebra are typical

A

2-8

27
Q

typical thoracic vertebrae id by 4 things

A
  1. body=heart shaped
  2. pedicles= small in diameter
  3. spinous process= long, thin, downwards-pointing, overlapping
  4. facets for head of ribs on side of body & on transverse processes
28
Q

which lumbar vertebrae are typical

A

1-4

29
Q

lumbar vertebrae id by 3 things

A
  1. body=bean/kidney shaped; no facets on body
  2. spinous process= short, board, horizontal
  3. Articulating processes = medio-lateral oriented for articulation with adjacent vertebrae
30
Q

intervertebral disc (IV) fxn and which vertebrae dont hve it

A

fxn= shock absorbing

no disk between c1 and c2

31
Q

iv disc is made of two parts

A
  1. Annulus fibrous
    - surround disc
  2. nucleus pulposus
    - semi-fluid (gelatinous) central mass of disk
32
Q

meningocele

A

a severity type of SBC where meninges and nerve roots protrude

33
Q

myelomeningocele

A

a severity type of SBC where spinal cord and meninges protrude

34
Q

myelocele

A

a severity type of SBC where skin and dura fail to close

35
Q

a severity type of SBC where meninges and nerve roots protrude

A

meningocele

36
Q

a severity type of SBC where spinal cord and meninges protrude

A

myelomeningocele

37
Q

a severity type of SBC where skin and dura fail to close

A

myelocele

38
Q

dura

A

tough outmost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord

39
Q

meningeal

A

The three membranes that enclose the vertebrate brain and spinal cord: the pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater

40
Q

The three membranes that enclose the vertebrate brain and spinal cord: the pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater

A

meningeal

41
Q

how many true ribs

A

7

42
Q

how many false ribs

A

5 (2 pairs called floating ribs)

43
Q

sternum is 3 fused bones …

A
  1. manubrium
  2. body of sternum
  3. xiphoid process
44
Q

joint between rib and thoracic vertebra called

A

costo-transverse joint

45
Q

typical ribs

A

3-9

46
Q

atypical ribs

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

47
Q

why is rib 1 atypical? (5)

A
  • shortest
  • broadest
  • sharply curved
  • 1 facet
  • tubercle merge with angle
48
Q

why is rib 2 atypical?

A

have tuberosity

49
Q

why is rib 10 atypical?

A

1 facet, articulates with 1 vertebra

50
Q

why is rib 11 atypical?(3)

A
  • 1 facet
  • no neck
  • tubercle
51
Q

why is rib 12 atypical? (3)

A
  • 1 facet
  • shorter
  • no tubercle
52
Q

joint between sternum clavicle

A

sternoclavicular joint

53
Q

joint between clavicle and scapula

A

acromioclavicular joint

54
Q

joint between humerus and scapula

A

glenohumeral joint

55
Q

what ligament prevents hyperextention of the vertebral column

A

anterior longitudinal

56
Q

what ligament prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column

A

posterior longitudinal

57
Q

ligamentum flavum are between ?

A

laminae of adjacent vertebrae

58
Q

intertransverse ligaments are between

A

transverse processes of vertebrae

59
Q

supraspinous ligament is from

A

tips of a vertebral spinous processes

60
Q

nuchal ligament

A
  • from external occipital protuberance to spinous processes of all cervical vertebrae.
  • Nuchal ligament becomes supraspinous ligament below cervical vertebra
61
Q

-Nuchal ligament becomes [ ] below cervical vertebra

A

supraspinous ligament

62
Q

interspinous ligament

A

connects spines of vertebra

63
Q

vertebra are kept in place by..

A

ligaments

64
Q

name 7 ligaments around the vertebrae

A
  1. anterior longitudinal
  2. posterior longitudinal
  3. ligamentum flavum
  4. intertransverse
  5. supraspinous
  6. nuchal
  7. interspinous

Anatomy 214 (7 decks)

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