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Anatomy 214 > lect 1 > Flashcards

lect 1 Flashcards

1
Q

6 fxns of bones

A
  1. Support soft tissues
  2. Protect vital organs
    - CNS in skull
    - Thoracic contents in chest
  3. Contains bone marrow
    - Produce new blood cells – haemopoiesis
  4. Reservoir/Storage of minerals/salts (Ca++, PO4)
    - To maintain constant concentrations in body fluids
  5. Mechanical basis for movement - Allows body to move
  6. Endocrine regulation
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2
Q

4 fxns of cartilage

A

1.Strong but flexible supporting tissue
prevents collapse of airways (e.g. tracheal C-rings)
2.Provides smooth articulation surfaces in joints
allows sliding against it
3.Serves as cushions between the bodies of vertebrae
”shock absorbers”
4.Development & growth of long bones
Determine size and form of most bones (form template for growth in length– by endochondral bone forming)

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3
Q

5 classifications of bones and some examples

A
  1. Long bone (e.g femur, humerus)
  2. Flat bone (e.g. cranial bones, sternum)
  3. Short bone (e.g. carpals/metacarpals, phalanges=at joints)
  4. Irregular bone (e.g. vertebrae)
  5. Sesamoid bone(e.g. patella = in tendons)
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4
Q

Fxn of the long bone

A

sustain weight and form lever system (with muscles) for movement

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5
Q

epiphysis

A

proximal and distal ends of long bones. (spongy bone & thin cover of compact bone

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6
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilage separating the metaphysis from epiphysis

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7
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of bone.

  • central marrow cavity
  • cortex of compact bone
  • spongy bone (on inside of compact bone)
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8
Q

metaphysis

A

Wider part at end of long bone, next to epiphysis

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9
Q

fxn of flat bones

A

offers protection & provide wide are for muscle attachment

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10
Q

flat bone

A
  • consists of 2 layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between
  • some parts are thin and those parts may consist of compact bone only
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11
Q

body lies prone means

A

face down, on ventral side

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12
Q

body lies supine

A

face up, on dorsal side

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13
Q

Frankfort horizontal planes what is it and what are the planes

A
  • standard craniometric reference plane
  • skull is orientated that inferior margin of orbit and superior margin of external acoustic meatus of both sides lie in same horizontal plane.
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14
Q

proximal

A

towards trunk

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15
Q

distal

A

further from trunk

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16
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side of the body as another structure

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17
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side of the body relative to another structure

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18
Q

example of contralateral

A

a stroke involving the right side of the brain may cause contralateral paralysis of the left leg

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19
Q

mudfix

A

relative terms for location are often used in combination since most structures are not related only in a single dimension

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20
Q

mudfix term for the nipple to the umbilicus

A

superolateral

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21
Q

name the 6 long bones (there is 2 of each)

A
  1. humerus
  2. ulna
  3. radius
  4. femur
  5. tibia
  6. fibula
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22
Q

3 examples of flat bones

A
  1. cranial bones
  2. 2 x scapula
  3. 2x os coxae
23
Q

3 examples of short bones

A
  1. metacarpals
  2. metatarsals
  3. phalanges
24
Q

fxn of short bones

A

Present where compactness, elasticity and limited motion are required.
Designed for strength not mobility

25
Q

4 examples of irregular bones

A
  1. vertebrae
  2. carpals
  3. tarsals
  4. cranial bones
26
Q

fxn of irregular bones

A

present where compactness, elasticity and limited motion are required

27
Q

example of a sesamoid bone

A

patella

28
Q

sesamoid bone

A

a short bone embedded within a tendon/joint capsule

29
Q

fnx of sesamoid bones

A

present in tendons-enhancing mechanical advantage of lever arm in leg

30
Q

6 types of depressions (indentation) or openings

A
  1. foramen
  2. meatus
  3. fissure
  4. fossa
  5. groove/sulcus
  6. notch
31
Q

foramen

A

a round hole for vessels, nerves and ligaments

32
Q

meatus

A

a tube like channel in a bone

33
Q

fissure

A

a narrow slit through a bone for blood vessels and nerves to pass

34
Q

fossa

A

a shallow depression in/on a bone at a joint

35
Q

groove/sulcus

A

elongated depression/furrow that houses nerves, blood vessels or tendons

36
Q

notch

A

indentation of the edge of a bone

37
Q

the names of 6 types of processes that form joints

A
  1. condyle
  2. epicondyle
  3. head
  4. capitulum
  5. facet
  6. trochlea
38
Q

the 10 types of attachment processes (first 4 from largest to smallest)

A
  1. trochanter
  2. tuberosity
  3. tubercle
  4. protuberance
  5. spine
  6. process
  7. spinous process
  8. crest
  9. line
  10. malleolus
39
Q

condyle

A

knuckle like, large rounded prominence

40
Q

epicondyle

A

eminence (prominence) superior to condyle

41
Q

head

A
  • a large, rounded prominence that forms a joint.

- on neck of a bone

42
Q

capitulum

A

small articular head

43
Q

facet

A

smooth, flat articulated surface (covered with cartilage)

44
Q

trochlea

A

spool-like articular process pulley

spool is what thread is on

45
Q

trochanter

A

large blunt projection only on femur

46
Q

tuberosity

A

large rounded projection (smaller than trochanter) with rough surface to which ligaments/ tendons/muscle attaches

47
Q

tubercle

A

smaller rounded projection/raised eminence

48
Q

protuberance

A

forward projection of bone

49
Q

spine

A

slender, pointed process

50
Q

process

A

any bony prominence

51
Q

spinous process

A

sharp, slender projection

52
Q

crest

A

a prominent border or ridge

53
Q

line

A

linear elevation

54
Q

malleolus

A

rounded process

Anatomy 214 (7 decks)

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