Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 214 > joints > Flashcards

joints Flashcards

1
Q

joint

A

point of contact between:

  • 2 bones
  • bone and cartilage
  • bone and teeth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 characteristics of joints

A
  1. Gives skeleton mobility & holds it together
  2. Degree of mobility varies greatly
  3. All joints need to be relatively stable
  4. Ligaments help provide stability & muscles provide movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tendons are between

A

bone and muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ligaments are between

A

bone and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

enthesis

A

is connective tissue between tendon/ligament and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 types of enthesis

A
  1. Fibrocartilagenous Enthesis

2. Fibrous Enthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enthesopathy

A

disorder involving attachment of tendon/ligament to a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fibrocartilagenous

A 
Tendon/ligament is inserted close to joint space (thus is kinked). 
Thus angle (kink) of tendon/ligament adjacent to joint creates pressure on deeper layer of enthesis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fibrous enthesis

A
  • Tendon/ligament is not inserted close to joint space (thus not kinked and therefore no compressive forces).
  • Mechanical forces acting on fibrous enthesis are less complex
  • Inserted into midshaft of long bones.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 structural classification

A
  1. fibrous joints
  2. cartilaginous joint
  3. synovial joint
  4. bony fusion/facet joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

functional classification

A
  1. synarthroses
  2. amphiarthroses
  3. diarthroses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fibrous joints

A

connected by dense connective tissue (mainly collagen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

connected by cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

synovial joints

A

separated by cartilage and lubrication (synovial fluid), joint by ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bony fusion/facet joints

A

bony connection between bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

synarthroses

A

immovable joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly moveable joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

diarthroses

A

freely moveable joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4 characteristics of fibrous joints

A
  1. lack synovial cavity
  2. partially movable
  3. united by: ligament or sheet of fibrous tissue
  4. degree of movement determined by length of fibrous material between bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 fibrous joints united by ligament or sheet of fibrous tissue?

A
  1. sutures
  2. syndesmosis
  3. gomphosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

fibrous joints- synostosis

A
  • bones are tightly bound by a small amount of fibrous tissue
  • only example of this is sutures between cranial bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fxn of fibrous joints- synostosis

A

allow bone growth so skull can expand with the brain during childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fibrous joints- syndesmosis

A

bones are connected exclusively by ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fibrous joints- syndesmosis:

amount of movement depends on length of fibers. Example of immoveable synarthrosis

A

distal tibio-fibular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fibrous joints- syndesmosis:

amount of movement depends on length of fibers. Example of freely moveable diarthrosis

A

interosseous membrane between ulna and radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

fibrous joints- gomphoses

A

refers to the way teeth are embedded in their sockets

27
Q

the only example of fibrous joints- gomphoses is

A

the articulation of a tooth with its bony alveolar socket

28
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

articular bones held together by hyaline/fibrous cartilage (lack joint cavity)

29
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A
  1. synchondrosis (primary cartilaginous)

2. symphysis (secondary cartilaginous)

30
Q

6 characteristics of synchondrosis ( primary cartilaginous)

A
  1. no synovial cavity
  2. bones connected by hyaline cartilage
  3. permits little movement
  4. permits growth in bone
  5. temporary unions
  6. ossifies during adulthood
31
Q

symphysis (secondary cartilaginous) 4 characteristics

A
  1. no synovial cavity
  2. bones covered with hyaline BUT CONNECTED BY FIBROCARTILAGINOUS JOINT
  3. slightly movable joint
  4. have flexibility, strength and shock absorption
32
Q

cartilaginous joints - synchondrosis primary : hyaline cartilage unites bones. Give 5 examples

A
  1. femur head and pelvic acetabulum
  2. between ossification centers e.g. epiphyseal plate
  3. 1st sterno-costal joint
  4. xiphisternal joint
33
Q

Cartilaginous Joints – Symphyses/Secondary: Hyaline cartilage – cover bone as articular cartilage
Fibrocartilage connect bones – resists tension & compression (shock absorbing)
Slightly movable joints that provide strength with flexibility.
4 examples

A
  1. Intervertebral joints between vertebral bodies
  2. Manubri-sternal joint
  3. Sacro-coccygeal joint
  4. Pubic symphysis
34
Q

synovial joints

A

united by joint capsule - spanning & enclosing articular cavity. Cartilage have no blood supply – thus fed by synovial fluids (only when joint is used)

35
Q

synovial joints contain 3 things

A
  1. Capsule surrounds joint – outer fibrous, inner synovial membrane
  2. Articular space = potential space = fluid-filled synovial cavity
  3. Articular surfaces = covered with hyaline cartilage
36
Q

synovial joint structure:
1. Articular capsule
Joint cavity is enclosed in a two-layered capsule……

A
  1. Fibrous capsule
    - outer dense irregular connective tissue
    - continuous with periosteum
    - F = strengthens joint so that bones are not pulled apart

2.Synovial membrane
-inner loose connective tissue
-F = internally lines joint capsule
covers internal joint surfaces that is not cartilage
= Functions to make synovial fluid

37
Q

General structure of Synovial Joints

  1. Articular space
    = cavity with potential space = fluid-filled synovial cavity.
    Explain the 2 parts
A

1.Joint cavity (synovial cavity) (Unique characteristic)

  1. Synovial fluid
    - A viscous fluid similar to raw egg white
    - A filtrate of blood
    - Arises from capillaries in synovial membrane
    - Contains glycoprotein molecules secreted by fibroblasts
38
Q

General structure of Synovial Joints:
3. Articular surfaces
= covered with hyaline cartilage. Explain articular cartilage

A
  • Ends of opposing bones are covered with hyaline cartilage

- Function= absorbs compression

39
Q

5 Structures Associated with Synovial Joint

A
  1. Reinforcing (accessory) ligaments
  2. Menisci (fat pads)
  3. Tendon sheath
  4. Fibers
    - Some fibrous capsules are arranged in parallel bundles called ligaments (intrinsic)

5.Bursae

40
Q

menisci

A

Articular cartilaginous discs = protect against wear, shock & trauma – only in knee

41
Q

tendon sheath

A

Elongated bursa that wraps around tendon subjected to friction

42
Q

bursae 5 characteristics

A
  1. Not actually part of joint
  2. Lined with synovial membranes
  3. Filled with synovial fluid
  4. Flattened “bags/sacs” with thin film of synovial fluids
  5. Common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together
43
Q

Example of Synovial Joints=
Articulation between femur and tibia:
explain the structure with 3 statements

A
  1. Condyles of femur articulate with flat condyles of tibia BUT still maintain joint stability
  2. Cartilage menisci between condyles of femur & tibia
  3. Joint is further stabilised by strong ligaments inside & collateral to joint
44
Q

6 types of synovial joints

A
  1. hinge joint
  2. saddle joint
  3. gliding/plane joint
  4. ball and socket
  5. pivot/ellipsoid/atlantoaxial
  6. condyloid joints
45
Q

2 examples of plane/gliding joints

A
  1. Acromioclavicular joint

2. Sternoclavicular

46
Q

5 examples of hinge joints

A

Temporomandibular / elbow / knee / ankle / toe

47
Q

example of saddle joint

A

Carpometacarpal joint [thumb]

CMC

48
Q

3 examples of condyloid joints

A
  1. Atlanto-occipital
  2. Radiocarpal (wrist)
  3. Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle)
49
Q

4 examples of ball and socket

A

S-shoulder
H-hip
I- incudostapedial
T-talonavicular

50
Q

example of pivot/ellipsoid/atlatoaxial joint

A

between C1 and dens of C2

51
Q

5 characteristics of plane/gliding joint

A
  1. Sliding of one bone over other
  2. Smooth flat surface of bones
  3. Single plane
  4. Movement limited by capsule
  5. Nearly always small
52
Q

4 characteristics of hinge joints

A
  1. Flexion and extension
  2. Movement in one plane around a single axis [uniaxial joint] like door opening
  3. Capsule is thin
  4. Joint strengthen by laterally placed ligaments [collateral ligaments]
53
Q

4 characteristics of saddle joints

A
  1. Abduction + adduction + flexion + extension
  2. Movements around two axes and at right angles to each other [biaxial joint]
  3. Circumduction
  4. Movement in two planes = sagittal & frontal (move back & fro or side to side)
54
Q

4 characteristics of condyloid joints

A
  1. Abduction + adduction + flexion + extension
  2. Movements around two axes and at right angles to each other [biaxial joint]
  3. Circumduction
  4. Movement in two planes = sagittal & frontal (move back & fro or side to side)
55
Q

3 characteristics of a ball and socket joint

A
  1. Movement in multiple axis
  2. Abduction + adduction + flexion + extension+ medial and lateral rotation +circumduction
  3. Multi-axial joint
56
Q

3 characteristics of a pivot/ellipsoid/atlantoaxial joint

A
  1. Movement in multiple axis
  2. Rotation of one bone around another
  3. Multi-axial joint
57
Q

4 types of movement allowed by synovial joints

A

G-gliding movements translational)
A-angular
R-rotation
S-special

58
Q

examples of angular movement that synovial joints allow 2 main types

A
  1. flexion, extension, hyperextension,

2. abduction, adduction, circumduction.

59
Q

4 examples of special movements that synovial joints allow

A
  1. Elevation, depression
  2. protraction, retraction
  3. inversion, eversion
  4. supination, pronation and opposition.
60
Q

4 examples of joint diseases

A
  1. osteoporosis
  2. rickets
  3. osteoarthritis
  4. inflammatory joint diseases
61
Q

4 examples of inflammatory joint diseases and what causes them

A
  1. Rheumatoid arthritis :excessive amount of enzyme [synovial],
  2. Ankylosing spondylitis: inflammatory disease of the tendons that link vertebrae together
  3. Sjogren’s syndrome: joint symptoms, dry eyes and insufficient salvia [immune system attacks moisture-producing glands
  4. Lupus: autoimmune disease
62
Q

rickets is caused by

A

excessive phosphate excretion by the kidney

63
Q

osteoarthritis cause and what is it

A

genetic component –more common in women – forming of osteophytes = loss of joint function

Anatomy 214 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions