Vertebae And Intervertebral Discs Flashcards
How many cervical vertebraes are there?
7
How many thoracic lumbar sacral and coccygeal vertebraes are there
Thoracic:12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral:5
Coccygeal: 4
How many total vertebrae and vertebral bones are there
33 vertebrae
26 bones
In what order are the curves of the spine
Lordotic, kyphotic, lordotic, kyphotic
How many intervertebral discs are there
23
Where is the first intervertebral disc found
Between C2 and C3
What are intervertebral discs made from
Fibrocartilage
What type of joints are intervertebral joints
Amphiarthrosis Cartilaginous Symphysis
Where is the last intervertebral disc found
Between L5 and S1
T/F there is an intervertebral disc between C1 and C2
False, there is no disc because of the dens
What vertebral curvature allows head extension
Cervical lordosis
What curvature does a newborns spine have
Newborn kyphosis (in flexion)
Which curvature does becoming upright promote
Lumbar lordosis
What type of curves are PRIMARY curves
Kyphotic curves
What type of curves are SECONDARY curves
Lordotic curves
By which age do spinal curves set
Age 10
What positions are fundamental development
Supine
Prone
Rolling
Quadruped
Crawling
What are the transitional postures
Sitting
Kneeling
Squatting
What are the functional positions
Vertical stance
Gait
What is the weight bearing part of the vertebra
The body (centrum)
Where does the spinal cord pass
Vertebral foramen
What forms the vertebral arch
Lamina and pedicles
Which vertebra are often bifid
C2-C6
Which cervical vertebrae is most prominent
C7
What is another name for C1
Atlas
Which vertebrae has no body and no spinous process
C1
C1 does the ____ motion and C2 does the ___ motion
Yes, No
What part of C2 is unique to this vertebra
Dens
What type of joint is the Atlanto-Axial joint
Diarthrosis synnovial pivot
Which part of the atlanto-axial joint could be damaged during whiplash
The transverse ligament
Which vertebrae articulate with the ribs
Thoracic
What movement does the T spine do
Rotation
In which plane are the facet joints in the lumbar vertebrae
In the sagittal plane
What movement does the lumbar spine do
Flexion/ extension
What age does the sacrum fully fuse by
30
What formed the median sacral crest
Spinous processes
The fusion of the ___________ is what formed the alae
transverse processes
Which level does the spinal n. end
L1/L2
What level is the sacral hiatus
S5
The Sacroiliac joint is a __________
Diarthrosis synnovial gliding joint
Which process resumes regular height overnight
Osmosis
Spondylosis is the ___
Permanent thinning of disc
What retains the nucleus pulposus
The annulus fibrosis
The nucleus pulposus equalizes ____
Stress
In a degenerated disc, the _____ is lost
cushion effect
What is a pre-herniated disc
A bulging disc
A thinning disc happens with __ and ____ reabsorb water
age, doesn’t
Spondylolysis
Fractured pars interarticularis
Spondylolisthesis
Complete break of pars interarticularis
The ______ _______ runs between laminae
ligamentum flavum
What does the interspinous ligament fill
The gaps between the spinous processes
Which ligament runs on top of the ligamentum nuchae
Supraspinous ligament
Which ligament limits side bending
intertransverse ligament
Which spinal ligament is inside the canal
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Which vertebra is also known as the vertebra prominens
C7
T2 is the level of the ___ angle of the scapula
Superior
T7 is the ___ angle of the scapula
Inferior
Both iliac crests form an imaginary line across ___________
L4/L5
the PSIS forms a line across __
S2
What area on the back is used to listen to the lungs
The triangle of auscultation
