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253 Final Exam > Bones and Joints of L.E > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of L.E Flashcards

1
Q

What does coxa stand for

A

Hip

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2
Q

What is the latin word for thigh

A

Femur

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3
Q

Genu = _____

A

Knee

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4
Q

Sura = ______

A

Calf

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5
Q

Talus = ____

A

Ankle

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6
Q

Pes = ____

A

Foot

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7
Q

Calx= ____

A

Heel

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8
Q

Planta = ____

A

Sole

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9
Q

Hallux = _____ ___

A

Large toe

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10
Q

What are the three innominate bones

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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11
Q

What forms the acetabulum

A
  • Bodies of ilium, ischium, pubis
  • Acetabular fossa
  • Acetabular notch
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12
Q

What is the sit bone

A

The ischial tuberosity

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13
Q

Name the structures that pass through the greater sciatic notch

A

Piriformis
Superior/inferior gluteal vessels and nerve
Sciatic n.
Posterior femoral cutaneous n.
pudendal n.
nerve to obturator internus
nerve to quadratus femoris

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14
Q

Name the structures that pass through the lesser sciatic notch

A

Obturator internus
internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal n.
Nerve to obturator internus

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15
Q

What is the largest foramen in the body

A

Obturator foramen

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16
Q

The ________ becomes the gluteal tuberosity

A

lateral ridge of linea aspera

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17
Q

The ______ becomes the spiral line

A

Medial lip of the linea aspera

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18
Q

Which side of the patella falls flat on the table

A

The lateral side

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19
Q

In a squat, which direction does the fibular head glide

A

Anteriorly

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20
Q

Which joint in the LE is immovable

A

The inferior tibiofibular joint

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21
Q

Name the borders of the fibula in order from anterior to posterior

A

Anterior border
Interosseous border
Posterior border

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22
Q

Which muscle attaches onto the sesamoid bones of the big toe

A

The flexor hallucis brevis

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23
Q

How many phalanges are there

A

14

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24
Q

What is the only triaxial joint of the LE

A

The hip joint

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25
Q

Coxa vara is when there is an angle of inclination ______ 120 degrees

A

Less than

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26
Q

The normal angle of inclination is ___

A

120 degrees - 135 degrees

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27
Q

Coxa valga is when there is an angle of inclination _____ 135 degrees

A

Greater than

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28
Q

With coxa vara there is typically genou ____

A

Valga

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29
Q

With coxa valga there is typically genou _____

A

Vara

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30
Q

Femoral anteversion =

A

Rotation of shaft, medial & lateral epicondyles rotated inwards

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31
Q

Femoral retroversion =

A

Rotation of shaft, medial & lateral epicondyles rotated outwards

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32
Q

Which muscle continues with the MCL

A

Adductor Magnus

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33
Q

Name the 4 extracapsular ligaments

A

MCL
LCL
Oblique popliteal ligament
Patellar ligament

34
Q

What structure is the MCL attached to

A

The medial meniscus

35
Q

Which muscles help the MCL with medial stability of the knee

A

Sartorius
Gracilis
semitendinosus

36
Q

Which ligament in the knee is thin, round and short

A

LCL

37
Q

Which ligament in the knee is long and flat

A

MCL

38
Q

What structure separates the LCL and the popliteus muscle

A

A bursa

39
Q

What 3 structures aid the LCL in lateral stabilization of the knee

A

Tendon of biceps femoris
Tendon of popliteus
Iliotibial tract

40
Q

What ligament branches off from the LCL

A

The Anterolateral ligament (ALL)

41
Q

What are the two intracapsular ligaments

A

ACL and PCL

42
Q

Which direction does the ACL go in

A

Posteriorly/superiorly to lateral femoral condyle

43
Q

What movement does the ACL prevent

A

Internal tibial rotation and anterior glide off tibia on femur
Also limits hyperextension of the knee

44
Q

T/F the ACL is thicker than the PCL

A

False, the PCL is thicker

45
Q

Which direction does the PCL go

A

Anteriorly/superiorly to medial femoral condyle

46
Q

Which movement does the PCL prevent

A

Excessive tibial rotation and posterior glide of the tibia

47
Q

In which action is the PCL very important

A

When walking down stairs

48
Q

What are the functions of the menisci

A

Deepens condylar surfaces
Cushions, shock absorber
Facilitates lubrication

49
Q

What are the horns of the menisci attached to

A

Intercondylar eminence

50
Q

what shape is the medial meniscus

A

C shaped

51
Q

What shape is the lateral meniscus

A

Round

52
Q

T/F the menisci are very vascular

A

False, they are avascular because of fibrocartilage

53
Q

What 4 structures strengthen the joint capsule

A

Oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament
Medial patellar retinaculum, lateral patellar retinaculum

54
Q

Name the 3 patellar knee bursae

A

Prepatellar bursa
Suprapatellar bursa
Infrapatellar bursa

55
Q

Which bursa of the knee is the most problematic in contact sports

A

The prepatellar bursa

56
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint

A

hinge

57
Q

What bones form the talocrural joint

A

talus, tibia, fibula

58
Q

How many degrees of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion does the talocrural joint do

A

20 degrees of dorsiflexion and 50 degrees of plantarflexion

59
Q

How many degrees of abduction does the talocrural joint do

A

16 degrees

60
Q

What is the true ankle joint

A

The talocrural joint

61
Q

What two joints form the ankle joint

A

talocrural
talocalcaneal

62
Q

what type of joint is the talocalcaneal joint

A

gliding

63
Q

Which bones form the talocalcaneal joint

A

Talus and calcaneus

64
Q

What actions does the talocalcaneal joint do

A

inversion and eversion

65
Q

How many degrees of supination and pronation does the talocalcaneal joint do

A

Supination: 45 - 60 degrees
Pronation: 15 to 30 degrees

66
Q

Which actions create supination of the foot

A

Plantarflexion, inversion & forefoot adduction

67
Q

Which actions create pronation of the foot

A

Dorsiflexion, eversion & forefoot abduction

68
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the foot

A

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

69
Q

What are the deltoid ligaments

A

Anterior/ posterior tibiotalar ligaments
Tibiocalcaneal ligament
Tibionavicular ligament

70
Q

Which bones form the medial longitudinal arch

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, 1st 2nd 3rd metatarsal

71
Q

Which bones form the lateral longitudinal arch

A

4th, 5th metatarsal, calcaneus, cuboid

72
Q

What forms the transverse arch

A

Cuboid, cuneiform 1,2 and 3

73
Q

The spring ligament is also called the __________

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

74
Q

Where do the organs sit

A

In the lesser true pelvis

75
Q

What is another name for the upper pelvic aperture

A

Pelvic inlet

76
Q

What are the borders of the lesser true pelvis

A

From sacral promontory to the symphysis pubis

77
Q

What is another name for lower pelvic aperture

A

Pelvic outlet

78
Q

What shape is the lesser true pelvis

A

diamond shaped

79
Q

What are the dimensions of the lesser true pelvis

A

From arcuate pubic ligament to the tip of coccyx posteriorly

80
Q

What is the lateral border of the lesser true pelvis

A

by ischial tuberosities

253 Final Exam (6 decks)

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