Bones and Joints of L.E Flashcards
What does coxa stand for
Hip
What is the latin word for thigh
Femur
Genu = _____
Knee
Sura = ______
Calf
Talus = ____
Ankle
Pes = ____
Foot
Calx= ____
Heel
Planta = ____
Sole
Hallux = _____ ___
Large toe
What are the three innominate bones
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
What forms the acetabulum
- Bodies of ilium, ischium, pubis
- Acetabular fossa
- Acetabular notch
What is the sit bone
The ischial tuberosity
Name the structures that pass through the greater sciatic notch
Piriformis
Superior/inferior gluteal vessels and nerve
Sciatic n.
Posterior femoral cutaneous n.
pudendal n.
nerve to obturator internus
nerve to quadratus femoris
Name the structures that pass through the lesser sciatic notch
Obturator internus
internal pudendal vessels
Pudendal n.
Nerve to obturator internus
What is the largest foramen in the body
Obturator foramen
The ________ becomes the gluteal tuberosity
lateral ridge of linea aspera
The ______ becomes the spiral line
Medial lip of the linea aspera
Which side of the patella falls flat on the table
The lateral side
In a squat, which direction does the fibular head glide
Anteriorly
Which joint in the LE is immovable
The inferior tibiofibular joint
Name the borders of the fibula in order from anterior to posterior
Anterior border
Interosseous border
Posterior border
Which muscle attaches onto the sesamoid bones of the big toe
The flexor hallucis brevis
How many phalanges are there
14
What is the only triaxial joint of the LE
The hip joint
Coxa vara is when there is an angle of inclination ______ 120 degrees
Less than
The normal angle of inclination is ___
120 degrees - 135 degrees
Coxa valga is when there is an angle of inclination _____ 135 degrees
Greater than
With coxa vara there is typically genou ____
Valga
With coxa valga there is typically genou _____
Vara
Femoral anteversion =
Rotation of shaft, medial & lateral epicondyles rotated inwards
Femoral retroversion =
Rotation of shaft, medial & lateral epicondyles rotated outwards
Which muscle continues with the MCL
Adductor Magnus
Name the 4 extracapsular ligaments
MCL
LCL
Oblique popliteal ligament
Patellar ligament
What structure is the MCL attached to
The medial meniscus
Which muscles help the MCL with medial stability of the knee
Sartorius
Gracilis
semitendinosus
Which ligament in the knee is thin, round and short
LCL
Which ligament in the knee is long and flat
MCL
What structure separates the LCL and the popliteus muscle
A bursa
What 3 structures aid the LCL in lateral stabilization of the knee
Tendon of biceps femoris
Tendon of popliteus
Iliotibial tract
What ligament branches off from the LCL
The Anterolateral ligament (ALL)
What are the two intracapsular ligaments
ACL and PCL
Which direction does the ACL go in
Posteriorly/superiorly to lateral femoral condyle
What movement does the ACL prevent
Internal tibial rotation and anterior glide off tibia on femur
Also limits hyperextension of the knee
T/F the ACL is thicker than the PCL
False, the PCL is thicker
Which direction does the PCL go
Anteriorly/superiorly to medial femoral condyle
Which movement does the PCL prevent
Excessive tibial rotation and posterior glide of the tibia
In which action is the PCL very important
When walking down stairs
What are the functions of the menisci
Deepens condylar surfaces
Cushions, shock absorber
Facilitates lubrication
What are the horns of the menisci attached to
Intercondylar eminence
what shape is the medial meniscus
C shaped
What shape is the lateral meniscus
Round
T/F the menisci are very vascular
False, they are avascular because of fibrocartilage
What 4 structures strengthen the joint capsule
Oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament
Medial patellar retinaculum, lateral patellar retinaculum
Name the 3 patellar knee bursae
Prepatellar bursa
Suprapatellar bursa
Infrapatellar bursa
Which bursa of the knee is the most problematic in contact sports
The prepatellar bursa
What type of joint is the talocrural joint
hinge
What bones form the talocrural joint
talus, tibia, fibula
How many degrees of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion does the talocrural joint do
20 degrees of dorsiflexion and 50 degrees of plantarflexion
How many degrees of abduction does the talocrural joint do
16 degrees
What is the true ankle joint
The talocrural joint
What two joints form the ankle joint
talocrural
talocalcaneal
what type of joint is the talocalcaneal joint
gliding
Which bones form the talocalcaneal joint
Talus and calcaneus
What actions does the talocalcaneal joint do
inversion and eversion
How many degrees of supination and pronation does the talocalcaneal joint do
Supination: 45 - 60 degrees
Pronation: 15 to 30 degrees
Which actions create supination of the foot
Plantarflexion, inversion & forefoot adduction
Which actions create pronation of the foot
Dorsiflexion, eversion & forefoot abduction
What are the lateral ligaments of the foot
Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
What are the deltoid ligaments
Anterior/ posterior tibiotalar ligaments
Tibiocalcaneal ligament
Tibionavicular ligament
Which bones form the medial longitudinal arch
Calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, 1st 2nd 3rd metatarsal
Which bones form the lateral longitudinal arch
4th, 5th metatarsal, calcaneus, cuboid
What forms the transverse arch
Cuboid, cuneiform 1,2 and 3
The spring ligament is also called the __________
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
Where do the organs sit
In the lesser true pelvis
What is another name for the upper pelvic aperture
Pelvic inlet
What are the borders of the lesser true pelvis
From sacral promontory to the symphysis pubis
What is another name for lower pelvic aperture
Pelvic outlet
What shape is the lesser true pelvis
diamond shaped
What are the dimensions of the lesser true pelvis
From arcuate pubic ligament to the tip of coccyx posteriorly
What is the lateral border of the lesser true pelvis
by ischial tuberosities
