verbs --> verb classes Flashcards
ben
mi-verb
don
mi-verb
gon
mi-verb
willen
mi-verb
four principle parts
present – pret 1. & 3. ps sg – pret. 2. ps sg, plural – past participle
driven
strong verb, class I
[i:] + C –> [iː] –[ɔː]– [i] –[i]
driven – drof – driven – (y-)driven
also: abiden, ridan, (a)risen, shinen, writen
abiden
strong verb, class I
[i:] + C –> [iː] –[ɔː]– [i] –[i]
ridan
strong verb, class I
[i:] + C –> [iː] –[ɔː]– [i] –[i]
(a)risen
strong verb, class I
[i:] + C –> [iː] –[ɔː]– [i] –[i]
shinen
strong verb, class I
[i:] + C –> [iː] –[ɔː]– [i] –[i]
writen
strong verb, class I
[i:] + C –> [iː] –[ɔː]– [i] –[i]
chesen
strong verb, class II
[e:] + C –> [eː]– [ɛː]– [u/ɔː]– [ɔː]
chesen – ches – curen/cosen – (y-)coren/chosen
also: fresen, fleten, (for)lesen (lose)
fresen
strong verb, class II
[e:] + C –> [eː]– [ɛː]– [u/ɔː]– [ɔː]
fleten
strong verb, class II
[e:] + C –> [eː]– [ɛː]– [u/ɔː]– [ɔː]
(for)lesen
(lose)
strong verb, class II
[e:] + C –> [eː]– [ɛː]– [u/ɔː]– [ɔː]
binden
strong verb, class IIIa (long vowel)
stem closed by nasal +C –> [iː]– [ɔː]– [uː]– [uː]
binden – boond – bounden – (y-)bounden
also: climben, finden (drinken, (bi)ginnen)
climben
strong verb, class IIIa (long vowel)
stem closed by nasal +C –> [iː]– [ɔː]– [uː]– [uː]
finden
strong verb, class IIIa (long vowel)
stem closed by nasal +C –> [iː]– [ɔː]– [uː]– [uː]
drinken
strong verb, class IIIa (short vowel)
stem closed by NC –> [i]– [a]– [u]– [u]
drink – drank – drunke – (y-)drunken
also: (bi)ginnen (finden, climben)
(be)ginnen
strong verb, class IIIa (short vowel)
stem closed by NC –> [i]– [a]– [u]– [u]
helpen
strong verb, class IIIb
stem closed by LC –> [e]– [a]– [u]– [ɔ]
helpen – halp – hulpen – (y-)hulpen
also: kerven, melten, sterven
kerven
strong verb, class IIIb
stem closed by LC –> [e]– [a]– [u]– [ɔ]
melten
strong verb, class IIIb
stem closed by LC –> [e]– [a]– [u]– [ɔ]
sterven
strong verb, class IIIb
stem closed by LC –> [e]– [a]– [u]– [ɔ]
beren
strong verb, class IV
stem closed by single L/N –> [ɛː]– [a]– [ɛː]– [ɔː]
beren – bar – beren – (y-)bor(e)n
also: quelen, stelen, teren (cumen/comen)
quelen
strong verb, class IV
stem closed by single L/N –> [ɛː]– [a]– [ɛː]– [ɔː]
teren
strong verb, class IV
stem closed by single L/N –> [ɛː]– [a]– [ɛː]– [ɔː]
stelen
strong verb, class IV
stem closed by single L/N –> [ɛː]– [a]– [ɛː]– [ɔː]
cumen/comen
strong verb, class IV
irregular form with nasal
cumen/comen [u] – com/cam [o:/a:] – comen/camen [o:/a:] – (y-)cumen/comen [u]
quethen
strong verb, class V
verb stem closed by single consonant other than N/L
[ɛː]– [a]– [ɛː]– [ɛː]
quethen – quath/quoth – queden – (y-)queden
also: geten, geven, speken, with [i]: bidden, sitten
faren
strong verb, class VI
stem usually closed by single C
[aː]– [oː]– [oː]– [aː]
faren – for – foren – (y-)faren
also: forsaken, shaken, taken, with <nd>: standen</nd>
fallen
strong verb, class VII
stem closed by 1/2 C, NHG cognates often with /i:/ in their preterites
[a]– [e:]– [eː]– [a]
fallen – fell – fellen – (y-)fallen
also: bifallen, holden, leten
witen
know
preterite-present verb
connen
know how
preterite-present verb
durren
dare
preterite-present verb
‘shall’ / OE sculan
preterite-present verb
‘may, must’ / OE motan
preterite-present verb
mowen
can
preterite-present verb
tellen
weak verb with irregular past tense
preterite stem endling in [l]
tellen – tolde – (y-)told
sellen
weak verb with irregular past tense
preterite stem endling in [l]
sellen – solde – (y-)sold
techen
weak verb with irregular past tense
preterite stem endling in [x]
techen – taughte – (y-)taught
sechen/seken
weak verb with irregular past tense
preterite stem endling in [x]
sechen/seken – soughte – (y-)sought
bringen
weak verb with irregular past tense
preterite stem endling in [x]
bringen – broughte – (y-)brought