Verbs: Tense Aktionsart Flashcards
(Pr) Progressive
An action that is in progress or ongoing.
(Pr) Durative
An action that began in the past and continues into the present.
(Pr) Iterative
An action that is performed repeatedly, regularly, or customarily.
(Pr) Gnomic
A statement that is timeless (omni-temporal), universal, or generally true.
(Pr) Instantaneous
An action that is done instantaneously, usually by the very fact that it is spoken.
(Pr) Historical
A past event that adds vividness to the event or gives literary prominence to some aspect of the story.
(Pr) Tendential
An action was begun, attempted, or proposed, but not completed.
(Pr) Futuristic
An action that will occur in the future (often adds vividness or certainty).
(Pr) Perfective
Emphasizes the present state of a past action.
(Im) Progressive
An action in the past that is in progress from the perspective of the author.
(Im) Inceptive
Emphasizes the beginning of an action (or state).
(Im) Iterative
Repeated or customary action in the past.
(Im) Tendential
An action was begun, attempted, or proposed, but not completed
(F) Predictive
A future event is predicted.
(F) Imperatival
Expresses a command.
(F) Deliberative
A question (real or rhetorical) is asked.
(F) Gnomic
Expresses a timeless truth.
(F) Progressive
An action that was being done will continue into the future.
(A) Constative
An action is portrayed in its entirety without regard to its beginning or end, or the length of time it took to accomplish the action.
(A) Inceptive
Emphasizes the beginning of an action or a state.
(A) Culminative
Emphasizes the cessation of an action or state.
(A) Gnomic
A statement that is timeless, universal, or generally true.
(A) Epistolary
The author writes from the perspective of the readers and thus uses the aorist instead of the expected present.
(A) Futuristic
Describes an event that has not yet taken place as if it had already occurred.
(A) Dramatic
Refers to an event that recently occurred, having present consequences.
(Pf) Intensive
Emphasizes the present state of the verb brought about by a past action.
(Pf) Consummative
Emphasizes the completed action that brought about the resulting state.
(Pf) Dramatic
Vividly portrays a past event or state of affairs.
(Pf) Present State
Used with certain verbs that lost their perfect significance and conveys a present tense-form meaning.
(Pf) Gnomic
Communicates a customary or general truth.
(Pf) Iterative
The action of the verb occurred at intervals.
(Plu) Intensive
Emphasizes the (past) results brought about by a past action.
(Plu) Consummative
Emphasizes the completion of a past action.
(Plu) Past State
Used with certain verbs that convey a past state with no antecedent action.
