Noun Case Categories

Question 1

(Nom) Subject

Answer 1

The subject of a finite verb.

Question 2

(Nom) Predicate Nominative

Answer 2

Provides further information about the subject as a complement of a copulative verb (expressing a state of being).

Question 3

(Nom) Apposition

Answer 3

Further explains the subject by clarification, description, or identification.

Question 4

(Nom) Address

Answer 4

Used in the place of a vocative in direct address.

Question 5

(Nom) Appellation

Answer 5

Used in conjunction with an address or title where a case other than the nominative would be expected.

Question 6

(Nom) Absolute

Answer 6

Grammatically independent use of the nominative in introductory material (such as titles, headings, salutations, or addresses).

Question 7

(Nom) Hanging Nominative

Answer 7

The logical rather than syntactical subject at the beginning of a sentence.

Question 8

(Voc) Direct Address

Answer 8

The use of the articular or non-articular vocative to designate the person or thing being addressed.

Question 9

(Acc) Direct Object

Answer 9

Serves as the recipient of the action.

Question 10

(Acc) Cognate Accusative

Answer 10

Aligned with the verb either with regard to the lexical root or the idea conveyed.

Question 11

(Acc) Double Accusative

Answer 11

A verb requires more than one accusative object to complete the thought, taking either (1) a personal and impersonal object or (2) a direct and predicate object.

Question 12

(Acc) Subject of Infinitive

Answer 12

Functions as the subject of an infinitive, indicating the agent performing the action conveyed by the infinitive.

Question 13

(Acc) Apposition

Answer 13

Two accusatives are juxtaposed, both referring to the same person or thing, with the second accusative further specifying the first accusative.

Question 14

(Acc) Measure

Answer 14

Functions in essence like an adverb in that it specifies measure (time or space).

Question 15

(Acc) Manner

Answer 15

Functions in essence like an adverb in that it specifies manner.

Question 16

(Acc) Respect

Answer 16

Restricts the reference of the verbal action, indicating in what regard an action is represented as true.

Question 17

(Gen) Description

Answer 17

Further limits or describes the head noun, but other common genitival categories do not capture the specific nuance.

Question 18

(Gen) Attributive

Answer 18

Denotes an attribute or innate quality of the head term, conveying an emphatic adjectival idea.

Question 19

(Gen) Possession

Answer 19

Identifies ownership with regard to the noun it modifies, often employing the use of a possessive pronoun.

Question 20

(Gen) Relationship

Answer 20

Denotes a family relationship such as a person’s parent or spouse. The word indicating the relationship is often omitted and must be inferred.

Question 21

(Gen) Source

Answer 21

Indicates the origin of the head noun (“from”).

Question 22

(Gen) Material or Content

Answer 22

Indicates the material of which the head term is made or species the content of an object or abstract noun.

Question 23

(Gen) Partitive

Answer 23

Whether by itself or in conjunction with the preposition ἀπο or ἐκ, the articular noun in the genitive denotes the whole of which the head noun is a part.

Question 24

(Gen) Subjective

Answer 24

Functions semantically as the subject of the verbal idea implied in the head noun, producing the action.

Question 25

(Gen) Objective

Answer 25

Functions semantically as the direct object of the verbal idea implicit in the head noun, receiving the action.

Question 26

(Gen) Time or Place

Answer 26

Indicates the location in time or space where an action occurs. The focus is on kind or quality.

Question 27

(Gen) Separation

Answer 27

Indicates motion away from or distance, whether literally or figuratively (“from”).

Question 28

(Gen) Means or Agency

Answer 28

Conveys the impersonal means or personal agent by which a given action is carried out (“by”).

Question 29

(Gen) Comparison

Answer 29

Used to denote comparison in conjunction with a comparative adverb (“than”).

Question 30

(Gen) Price

Answer 30

Indicates the price that is paid or the value that attaches to a given item.

Question 31

(Gen) Apposition

Answer 31

The genitive of apposition provides an alternate designation (simple) of a genitive head noun or provides an explanatory (epexegetical) restatement of a head noun in any case.

Question 32

(Gen) Direct Object

Answer 32

Verbs of sensation, emotion, or volition, sharing, ruling, or separation, take their direct object in the genitive case (instead of the accusative case).

Question 33

(Dat) Indirect Object

Answer 33

Indicates the one for whom or in whose interest an act is performed.

Question 34

(Dat) Personal Interest (Advantage or Disadvantage)

Answer 34

Denotes the person (or rarely, the thing) to whose benefit or detriment a verbal action occurs.

Question 35

(Dat) Reference or Respect

Answer 35

Limited the extent to which something is presented as true, qualifying a statement that would otherwise not be true.

Question 36

(Dat) Possession

Answer 36

Unique construction in which the dative possesses the subject of an equative verb (such as εἰμι or γινομαι).

Question 37

(Dat) Place

Answer 37

Pinpoints the literal physical location of a noun in the dative case.

Question 38

(Dat) Sphere

Answer 38

Identifies the figurative or metaphorical location (i.e., sphere or realm) of a noun in the dative case.

Question 39

(Dat) Time

Answer 39

Indicates the point in time (location in time) at which the action of a verb is accomplished.

Question 40

(Dat) Means

Answer 40

Denotes the impersonal means by which the action of a given verb is accomplished.

Question 41

(Dat) Manner

Answer 41

Denotes the manner in which the action of a given verb is accomplished.

Question 42

(Dat) Agency

Answer 42

Denotes the personal agency by which the action of a given verb is accomplished.

Question 43

(Dat) Association

Answer 43

Denotes the person or thing with which a person is associated or by which a person is accompanied.

Question 44

(Dat) Cause

Answer 44

Indicates the basis or reason of the action of a given verb, whether external (occasion) or internal (motivation).

Question 45

(Dat) Cognate Dative

Answer 45

Use of a dative noun that is a cognate (of the same stem) to the verb it modifies either formally or conceptually.

Question 46

(Dat) Apposition

Answer 46

Two related substantives refer to the same person or thing.

Question 47

(Dat) Direct Object

Answer 47

The dative occurs after certain verbs of trusting, obeying, serving, worshiping, thanksgiving, or following and functions as the direct object.