Noun Case Categories Flashcards
(Nom) Subject
The subject of a finite verb.
(Nom) Predicate Nominative
Provides further information about the subject as a complement of a copulative verb (expressing a state of being).
(Nom) Apposition
Further explains the subject by clarification, description, or identification.
(Nom) Address
Used in the place of a vocative in direct address.
(Nom) Appellation
Used in conjunction with an address or title where a case other than the nominative would be expected.
(Nom) Absolute
Grammatically independent use of the nominative in introductory material (such as titles, headings, salutations, or addresses).
(Nom) Hanging Nominative
The logical rather than syntactical subject at the beginning of a sentence.
(Voc) Direct Address
The use of the articular or non-articular vocative to designate the person or thing being addressed.
(Acc) Direct Object
Serves as the recipient of the action.
(Acc) Cognate Accusative
Aligned with the verb either with regard to the lexical root or the idea conveyed.
(Acc) Double Accusative
A verb requires more than one accusative object to complete the thought, taking either (1) a personal and impersonal object or (2) a direct and predicate object.
(Acc) Subject of Infinitive
Functions as the subject of an infinitive, indicating the agent performing the action conveyed by the infinitive.
(Acc) Apposition
Two accusatives are juxtaposed, both referring to the same person or thing, with the second accusative further specifying the first accusative.
(Acc) Measure
Functions in essence like an adverb in that it specifies measure (time or space).
(Acc) Manner
Functions in essence like an adverb in that it specifies manner.
(Acc) Respect
Restricts the reference of the verbal action, indicating in what regard an action is represented as true.
(Gen) Description
Further limits or describes the head noun, but other common genitival categories do not capture the specific nuance.
(Gen) Attributive
Denotes an attribute or innate quality of the head term, conveying an emphatic adjectival idea.
(Gen) Possession
Identifies ownership with regard to the noun it modifies, often employing the use of a possessive pronoun.
(Gen) Relationship
Denotes a family relationship such as a person’s parent or spouse. The word indicating the relationship is often omitted and must be inferred.
(Gen) Source
Indicates the origin of the head noun (“from”).
(Gen) Material or Content
Indicates the material of which the head term is made or species the content of an object or abstract noun.
(Gen) Partitive
Whether by itself or in conjunction with the preposition ἀπο or ἐκ, the articular noun in the genitive denotes the whole of which the head noun is a part.
(Gen) Subjective
Functions semantically as the subject of the verbal idea implied in the head noun, producing the action.
(Gen) Objective
Functions semantically as the direct object of the verbal idea implicit in the head noun, receiving the action.
(Gen) Time or Place
Indicates the location in time or space where an action occurs. The focus is on kind or quality.
(Gen) Separation
Indicates motion away from or distance, whether literally or figuratively (“from”).
(Gen) Means or Agency
Conveys the impersonal means or personal agent by which a given action is carried out (“by”).
(Gen) Comparison
Used to denote comparison in conjunction with a comparative adverb (“than”).
(Gen) Price
Indicates the price that is paid or the value that attaches to a given item.
(Gen) Apposition
The genitive of apposition provides an alternate designation (simple) of a genitive head noun or provides an explanatory (epexegetical) restatement of a head noun in any case.
(Gen) Direct Object
Verbs of sensation, emotion, or volition, sharing, ruling, or separation, take their direct object in the genitive case (instead of the accusative case).
(Dat) Indirect Object
Indicates the one for whom or in whose interest an act is performed.
(Dat) Personal Interest (Advantage or Disadvantage)
Denotes the person (or rarely, the thing) to whose benefit or detriment a verbal action occurs.
(Dat) Reference or Respect
Limited the extent to which something is presented as true, qualifying a statement that would otherwise not be true.
(Dat) Possession
Unique construction in which the dative possesses the subject of an equative verb (such as εἰμι or γινομαι).
(Dat) Place
Pinpoints the literal physical location of a noun in the dative case.
(Dat) Sphere
Identifies the figurative or metaphorical location (i.e., sphere or realm) of a noun in the dative case.
(Dat) Time
Indicates the point in time (location in time) at which the action of a verb is accomplished.
(Dat) Means
Denotes the impersonal means by which the action of a given verb is accomplished.
(Dat) Manner
Denotes the manner in which the action of a given verb is accomplished.
(Dat) Agency
Denotes the personal agency by which the action of a given verb is accomplished.
(Dat) Association
Denotes the person or thing with which a person is associated or by which a person is accompanied.
(Dat) Cause
Indicates the basis or reason of the action of a given verb, whether external (occasion) or internal (motivation).
(Dat) Cognate Dative
Use of a dative noun that is a cognate (of the same stem) to the verb it modifies either formally or conceptually.
(Dat) Apposition
Two related substantives refer to the same person or thing.
(Dat) Direct Object
The dative occurs after certain verbs of trusting, obeying, serving, worshiping, thanksgiving, or following and functions as the direct object.
