Verbs Part 4

Question 1

Irregular past participles (13)
1) opened
2) covered
3) told/said
4) written
5) fried
6) done
7) died
8) put
9) rotted
10) broken
11) seen
12) returned
13) done

Answer 1

Irregular past participles
1) abrir: abierto
2) cubrir: cubierto
3) decir: dicho
4) escribir: escrito
5) freír: frito
6) hacer: hecho
7) morir: muerto
8) poner: puesto
9) pudrir: podrido
10) romper: roto
11) ver: visto
12) volver: vuelto
13) hacer: hecho

Question 2

To rot

Answer 2

Pudrir

Question 3

To wrap

Answer 3

Envolver

Question 4

Imperfect progressive tense—4 verbs used

Answer 4

Estar
Seguir
Ir
Venir

Question 5

8 Verbs not generally used as gerunds in past progressive, just use imperfect instead

Answer 5

Ser
Estar
Poder
Querer
Saber
Tener
Ir
Venir

Question 6

Difference between
1) imperfect progressive
2) preterit progressive

Answer 6

1) action that was in progress in past
2) action was completed in the past

Question 7

To retire

Answer 7

Retirarse

Question 8

To sob

Answer 8

Sollozar

Question 9

To fill in (I.e a form)

Answer 9

Llenar

Question 10

6 irregular verbs subjunctive

Answer 10

1) dar: dé
2) estar: esté
3) ir: vaya
4) saber: sepa
5) ser: sea
6) haber: haya

Question 11

8 irregular verbs affirmative command tu form
1) to tell
2) to do
3) to go
4) to put
5) to leave
6) to know
7) to have
8) to come

Answer 11

Irregular affirmative command in tu form
1) decir: di
2) hacer: haz
3) ir: ve
4) poner: pon
5) salir: sal
6) ser: sé
7) tener: ten
8) venir: ven

Question 12

How to form negative command in tu form
Examples:
1) decir
2) hacer
3) ir
4) poner
5) salir
6) ser
7) teñir
8) venirte

Answer 12

Subjunctive, pronoun goes before the verb
1) no digas, no me digas eso
2) no hagas
3) no vayas
4) no pongas
5) no salgas
6) no seas
7) no tengas
8) no vengas

Question 13

5 irregular verbs ud or uds command and why irregular
1) to give
2) to be (location)
3) to know
4) to be
5) to go

Answer 13

Ud or uds Command not formed from yo form in present indicative

1) dar: dé, den
2) estar: esté, estén
3) saber: sepa, sepan
4) ser: sea, sean
5) ir: vaya, vayan

Question 14

6 ways to ask people to do things for you

Answer 14

1) Command
2) present indicative
3) favor de + infinitive
4) tender la bondad de + infinitive = will you be kind enough to…
5) puede ud + infinitive
6) hacer el favor de + infinitive

Question 15

How to form nosotros command

Answer 15

Present subjunctive

Question 16

How to form nosotros command of reflexive verbs
Ex: 1) irse
2) acostarse
3)levantarse

Answer 16

Present subjunctive but before attach nos to the end, drop the final s, add accent as needed

1) irse= vamos + nos — vámonos
2) acostarse = acostemos + nos — acostémonos
3) levantarse = levantemos + nos — levantémonos

Question 17

Past perfect
1) formation
2) when used

Answer 17

1) sentence starts with pretérito or imperfect then continues with haber in imperfect followed by past participle of main verb
A) if after a preposition, use infinitive haber
B) reflexive, indirect and direct pronouns precede the helping verb haber
2) expresses an action that precedes another action in the past

Question 18

to become

Answer 18

volverse

Question 19

to fail (2 versions)
1) a test
2) not succeed

Answer 19

1) reprobar
2) fallar

Question 20

to spell

Answer 20

deletrear

Question 21

to print

Answer 21

imprimir

Question 22

to add/sum

Answer 22

sumar

Question 23

to climb

Answer 23

escalar

Question 24

to miss (not to catch i.e. a flight)

Answer 24

perder

Question 25

to charge (money)

Answer 25

cobrar

Question 26

to deserve

Answer 26

merecer

Question 27

Irregular verbs in future tense
1) to fit
2) to say
3) to do/to make
4) to be able
5) to put
6) to want
7) to know
8) to leave
9) to have
10) to be worth
11) to come
12) there will be

Answer 27

1) caber: cabre’ cabra’s cabra’ cabremos cabra’n

2) decir: dire’ dira’s dira’ diremos dira’n

3) hacer: hare’ hara’s hara’ haremos hara’n

4) poder: podre’ podra’s podra’ podremos podra’n

5) poner: pondre’ pondra’s pondra’ pondrememos, pondra’n

6) querer: querre’ querra’s querra’ querremos querra’n

7) saber: sabre’ sabra’s sabra’ sabremos sabra’n

8) salir: saldre’ saldra’s saldra’ saldremos saldra’n

9) tener: tendre’ tendra’s tendra’ tendremos tendra’n

10) valer: valdre’ valdra’s valdra’ valdremos valdra’n (usually 3rd person)

11) venir: vendre’ vendra’s vendra’ vendremos vendra’n

12) haber: habra’

Question 28

to contradict

Answer 28

contradecir

Question 29

to undo

Answer 29

deshacer

Question 30

Future vs Present Tense?
1) expressing doubt/probability in present (it is probably ten o’clock)
2) element in sentence indicates future time (she’ll sing tomorrow)
3) asking for instructions (do I turn here)
4) asking someone to do something (will you give us presents?)

Answer 30

1) future tense: Sera’n las diez
2) present:ella canta man~ana
3) present: doblo aqui’?
4) present: nos dan uds regalos?

Question 31

To congratulate

Answer 31

Felicitar

Question 32

To feast, to celebrate

Answer 32

Festejar

Question 33

To fail

Answer 33

Fracasar

Question 34

To demand

Answer 34

Exigir

Question 35

To pretend

Answer 35

Fingir

Question 36

to snack

Answer 36

picar

Question 37

to belong, to be affiliated with

Answer 37

pertenecer (a)

Question 38

when to use conditional tense

Answer 38

1) action that is uncertain in the future (I would go)
2) to express speculation or conjecture in the past such as I wonder or It was probably

Question 39

when to use conditional progressive tense

Answer 39

express doubt in the future and emphasize the action, i.e. I would be playing the piano but I hurt my hands = Yo esteri’a tocando el piano pero me lesione’ las manos.

Question 40

when to use conditional perfect tense

Answer 40

express action that would have taken place but did not

ex. we would have stayed but we didn’t like the situation

nos habri’amos quedado pero no nos gusto’ la situaci’on

Question 41

to mix

Answer 41

mezclar

Question 42

to lie down (2 versions)

Answer 42

tumbarse
acostarse

Question 43

to plant (2 versions)

Answer 43

sembrar
plantar

Question 44

to harvest

Answer 44

cosechar

Question 45

to refuse

Answer 45

rechazar

Question 46

to hire

Answer 46

contratar

Question 47

to park

Answer 47

estacionar

Question 48

to pull

Answer 48

halar

Question 49

to suppose; to expect

Answer 49

suponer

Question 50

when to use imperfect subjunctive

Answer 50

when main clause begins in the past (preterit, imperfect or conditional) but triggers subjunctive:
1. certain impersonal expressions:
a)Fue una la’stima que….
b)Era probablye que….
c) Seri’a posible que….
2. after certain verbs in certain formats: querrer alegrarse, pedir, esperar
3) after certain conjunctions if main clause has different subject than dependent clause: para que, en caso de que, a pesar de que,
4) after certain dependent adjective clauses: i.e. if object or person may not exist, conoci’o a alguien que…
5) after certain expressions: ojala’, como si, quisiera, pudiera

Question 51

to charge (i.e. ones phone)

Answer 51

cargar

Question 52

conjunctions causing subjunctive (6)

Answer 52

if main clause has different subject than dependent clause
1) para que
2) antes de que
3) en caso de que
4) a pesar de que
5) sin que
6) hasta que

Question 53

tense to use after “as if” (como si)
e.g. You treat him as if he were a child

Answer 53

imperfect subjunctive (main clause can be present, past or conditional)

Ud. le trata como si fuera nin~o

Question 54

tenses to use in “if” (“si”) clause
1) if in past and contrary to fact…if he had time, he would bring me flowers
2) if in past but not contrary to fact….if they have completed the course, I congratulate them, if Juan were here, we didn’t see him
3) if in present….if you go, I will go too

Answer 54

1) If imperfect subjunctive then past conditional…si e’l tuviera ma’s tiempo, me traeri’a flores
**the imperfect subjunctive is always in the “if” clause
2) use appropriate tense, often past perfect….si ellos han completado el curso, los felicito…si Juan estaba aqui’, no lo vimos
3) if present tense then future tense…si tu’ vas, yo ire’ tambien

Question 55

Tenses of verb in main clause to trigger present subjunctive or present perfect subjunctive

Answer 55

1) Present indicative: ud espera
2) present perfect: ud ha esperado
3) present progressive: ud esta’ esperando
4) simple future: ud. esperara’
5) future periphrasic: ud va a esperar
6) imperative: espere (ud)

Question 56

tenses of verbs in main clause that can trigger imperfect or past perfect subjunctive

Answer 56

1) imperfect: ud insisti’a
2) preterit: ud insisti’o
3) past perfect: ud habi’a insistido
4) past progressive: ud estaba insistiendo o ud estuvo insistiendo
5) conditional: ud insistiri’a
6) perfect conditional: ud habri’a insistido

Question 57

to floss

Answer 57

usar hilo dental

Question 58

to rinse

Answer 58

enjuagar

Question 59

to get drunk

Answer 59

emborracharse

Question 60

to bake

Answer 60

hornear

Question 61

to baste

Answer 61

lardear

Question 62

conjugate imperfect subjunctive: process and then examples
1) AR–Bailar
2) ER–Beber
3) IR–Abrir
4) stem change IR–Pedir

Answer 62

third person preterit, drop the o’ ending and add either

ara, aras, ara, a’ramos, aran
or
iera, ieras, iera, ie’ramos, ieran

1) Bailar: Bailara, bailaras, bailara, baila’ramos, bailaran

2) Beber: bebiera, bebieras, bebiera, bebie’ramos, bebieran

3) Abrir: abriera, abrieras, abriera, abrie’ramos, abrieran

4) Pedir: pidiera, pidieras, pidera, pidie’ramos, pidieran

Question 63

irregular in past subjunctive: give tu form

1) to walk
2) to fit
3) to give
4) to be (location)
5) to make
6) to be able
7) to put
8) to want
9) to know
10) to have
11) to come
12) to say
13) to produce
14) to bring
15) to be
16) to go
17) to have (done something)

Answer 63

irregular verbs same ones as in preterite

1) andar–aduvieras
2) caber: cupieras
3) dar: dieras
4) estar: estuvieras
5) hacer: hicieras
6) poder: pudieras
7) poner: pusieras
8) querer: quisieras
9) saber: supieras
10) tener: tuvieras
11) venir: vinieras
12) decir: dijeras
13) producir: produjeras
14) traer: trajeras
15) ser: fueras
16) ir: fueras
17) haber: hubieras

Question 64

to reply vs to answer

Answer 64

nuanced but contestar vs responder

Question 65

to upload (2 options)

Answer 65

subir
cagar

Question 66

to be planning (to do something)

Answer 66

pensar + infinitive
conjugate and use like ir+a+infinitive