Verbs Part 4 Flashcards
Irregular past participles (13)
1) opened
2) covered
3) told/said
4) written
5) fried
6) done
7) died
8) put
9) rotted
10) broken
11) seen
12) returned
13) done
Irregular past participles
1) abrir: abierto
2) cubrir: cubierto
3) decir: dicho
4) escribir: escrito
5) freír: frito
6) hacer: hecho
7) morir: muerto
8) poner: puesto
9) pudrir: podrido
10) romper: roto
11) ver: visto
12) volver: vuelto
13) hacer: hecho
To rot
Pudrir
To wrap
Envolver
Imperfect progressive tense—4 verbs used
Estar
Seguir
Ir
Venir
8 Verbs not generally used as gerunds in past progressive, just use imperfect instead
Ser
Estar
Poder
Querer
Saber
Tener
Ir
Venir
Difference between
1) imperfect progressive
2) preterit progressive
1) action that was in progress in past
2) action was completed in the past
To retire
Retirarse
To sob
Sollozar
To fill in (I.e a form)
Llenar
6 irregular verbs subjunctive
1) dar: dé
2) estar: esté
3) ir: vaya
4) saber: sepa
5) ser: sea
6) haber: haya
8 irregular verbs affirmative command tu form
1) to tell
2) to do
3) to go
4) to put
5) to leave
6) to know
7) to have
8) to come
Irregular affirmative command in tu form
1) decir: di
2) hacer: haz
3) ir: ve
4) poner: pon
5) salir: sal
6) ser: sé
7) tener: ten
8) venir: ven
How to form negative command in tu form
Examples:
1) decir
2) hacer
3) ir
4) poner
5) salir
6) ser
7) teñir
8) venirte
Subjunctive, pronoun goes before the verb
1) no digas, no me digas eso
2) no hagas
3) no vayas
4) no pongas
5) no salgas
6) no seas
7) no tengas
8) no vengas
5 irregular verbs ud or uds command and why irregular
1) to give
2) to be (location)
3) to know
4) to be
5) to go
Ud or uds Command not formed from yo form in present indicative
1) dar: dé, den
2) estar: esté, estén
3) saber: sepa, sepan
4) ser: sea, sean
5) ir: vaya, vayan
6 ways to ask people to do things for you
1) Command
2) present indicative
3) favor de + infinitive
4) tender la bondad de + infinitive = will you be kind enough to…
5) puede ud + infinitive
6) hacer el favor de + infinitive
How to form nosotros command
Present subjunctive
How to form nosotros command of reflexive verbs
Ex: 1) irse
2) acostarse
3)levantarse
Present subjunctive but before attach nos to the end, drop the final s, add accent as needed
1) irse= vamos + nos — vámonos
2) acostarse = acostemos + nos — acostémonos
3) levantarse = levantemos + nos — levantémonos
Past perfect
1) formation
2) when used
1) sentence starts with pretérito or imperfect then continues with haber in imperfect followed by past participle of main verb
A) if after a preposition, use infinitive haber
B) reflexive, indirect and direct pronouns precede the helping verb haber
2) expresses an action that precedes another action in the past
to become
volverse
to fail (2 versions)
1) a test
2) not succeed
1) reprobar
2) fallar
to spell
deletrear
to print
imprimir
to add/sum
sumar
to climb
escalar
to miss (not to catch i.e. a flight)
perder
to charge (money)
cobrar
to deserve
merecer
Irregular verbs in future tense
1) to fit
2) to say
3) to do/to make
4) to be able
5) to put
6) to want
7) to know
8) to leave
9) to have
10) to be worth
11) to come
12) there will be
1) caber: cabre’ cabra’s cabra’ cabremos cabra’n
2) decir: dire’ dira’s dira’ diremos dira’n
3) hacer: hare’ hara’s hara’ haremos hara’n
4) poder: podre’ podra’s podra’ podremos podra’n
5) poner: pondre’ pondra’s pondra’ pondrememos, pondra’n
6) querer: querre’ querra’s querra’ querremos querra’n
7) saber: sabre’ sabra’s sabra’ sabremos sabra’n
8) salir: saldre’ saldra’s saldra’ saldremos saldra’n
9) tener: tendre’ tendra’s tendra’ tendremos tendra’n
10) valer: valdre’ valdra’s valdra’ valdremos valdra’n (usually 3rd person)
11) venir: vendre’ vendra’s vendra’ vendremos vendra’n
12) haber: habra’
to contradict
contradecir
to undo
deshacer
Future vs Present Tense?
1) expressing doubt/probability in present (it is probably ten o’clock)
2) element in sentence indicates future time (she’ll sing tomorrow)
3) asking for instructions (do I turn here)
4) asking someone to do something (will you give us presents?)
1) future tense: Sera’n las diez
2) present:ella canta man~ana
3) present: doblo aqui’?
4) present: nos dan uds regalos?
To congratulate
Felicitar
To feast, to celebrate
Festejar
To fail
Fracasar
To demand
Exigir
To pretend
Fingir
to snack
picar
to belong, to be affiliated with
pertenecer (a)
when to use conditional tense
1) action that is uncertain in the future (I would go)
2) to express speculation or conjecture in the past such as I wonder or It was probably
when to use conditional progressive tense
express doubt in the future and emphasize the action, i.e. I would be playing the piano but I hurt my hands = Yo esteri’a tocando el piano pero me lesione’ las manos.
when to use conditional perfect tense
express action that would have taken place but did not
ex. we would have stayed but we didn’t like the situation
nos habri’amos quedado pero no nos gusto’ la situaci’on
to mix
mezclar
to lie down (2 versions)
tumbarse
acostarse
to plant (2 versions)
sembrar
plantar
to harvest
cosechar
to refuse
rechazar
to hire
contratar
to park
estacionar
to pull
halar
to suppose; to expect
suponer
when to use imperfect subjunctive
when main clause begins in the past (preterit, imperfect or conditional) but triggers subjunctive:
1. certain impersonal expressions:
a)Fue una la’stima que….
b)Era probablye que….
c) Seri’a posible que….
2. after certain verbs in certain formats: querrer alegrarse, pedir, esperar
3) after certain conjunctions if main clause has different subject than dependent clause: para que, en caso de que, a pesar de que,
4) after certain dependent adjective clauses: i.e. if object or person may not exist, conoci’o a alguien que…
5) after certain expressions: ojala’, como si, quisiera, pudiera
to charge (i.e. ones phone)
cargar
conjunctions causing subjunctive (6)
if main clause has different subject than dependent clause
1) para que
2) antes de que
3) en caso de que
4) a pesar de que
5) sin que
6) hasta que
tense to use after “as if” (como si)
e.g. You treat him as if he were a child
imperfect subjunctive (main clause can be present, past or conditional)
Ud. le trata como si fuera nin~o
tenses to use in “if” (“si”) clause
1) if in past and contrary to fact…if he had time, he would bring me flowers
2) if in past but not contrary to fact….if they have completed the course, I congratulate them, if Juan were here, we didn’t see him
3) if in present….if you go, I will go too
1) If imperfect subjunctive then past conditional…si e’l tuviera ma’s tiempo, me traeri’a flores
**the imperfect subjunctive is always in the “if” clause
2) use appropriate tense, often past perfect….si ellos han completado el curso, los felicito…si Juan estaba aqui’, no lo vimos
3) if present tense then future tense…si tu’ vas, yo ire’ tambien
Tenses of verb in main clause to trigger present subjunctive or present perfect subjunctive
1) Present indicative: ud espera
2) present perfect: ud ha esperado
3) present progressive: ud esta’ esperando
4) simple future: ud. esperara’
5) future periphrasic: ud va a esperar
6) imperative: espere (ud)
tenses of verbs in main clause that can trigger imperfect or past perfect subjunctive
1) imperfect: ud insisti’a
2) preterit: ud insisti’o
3) past perfect: ud habi’a insistido
4) past progressive: ud estaba insistiendo o ud estuvo insistiendo
5) conditional: ud insistiri’a
6) perfect conditional: ud habri’a insistido
to floss
usar hilo dental
to rinse
enjuagar
to get drunk
emborracharse
to bake
hornear
to baste
lardear
conjugate imperfect subjunctive: process and then examples
1) AR–Bailar
2) ER–Beber
3) IR–Abrir
4) stem change IR–Pedir
third person preterit, drop the o’ ending and add either
ara, aras, ara, a’ramos, aran
or
iera, ieras, iera, ie’ramos, ieran
1) Bailar: Bailara, bailaras, bailara, baila’ramos, bailaran
2) Beber: bebiera, bebieras, bebiera, bebie’ramos, bebieran
3) Abrir: abriera, abrieras, abriera, abrie’ramos, abrieran
4) Pedir: pidiera, pidieras, pidera, pidie’ramos, pidieran
irregular in past subjunctive: give tu form
1) to walk
2) to fit
3) to give
4) to be (location)
5) to make
6) to be able
7) to put
8) to want
9) to know
10) to have
11) to come
12) to say
13) to produce
14) to bring
15) to be
16) to go
17) to have (done something)
irregular verbs same ones as in preterite
1) andar–aduvieras
2) caber: cupieras
3) dar: dieras
4) estar: estuvieras
5) hacer: hicieras
6) poder: pudieras
7) poner: pusieras
8) querer: quisieras
9) saber: supieras
10) tener: tuvieras
11) venir: vinieras
12) decir: dijeras
13) producir: produjeras
14) traer: trajeras
15) ser: fueras
16) ir: fueras
17) haber: hubieras
to reply vs to answer
nuanced but contestar vs responder
to upload (2 options)
subir
cagar
to be planning (to do something)
pensar + infinitive
conjugate and use like ir+a+infinitive
