Verbs Part 3 Flashcards
6 verbs in present subjective not formed using first person singular
Dar: dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
Estar: esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
Ir: vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
Saber: sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
Ser: sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
Haber: haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayais, hayan
verbs expressing orders/requests the trigger subjunctive mood in dependent clause:
1) to advise
2) to tell (someone to do something)
3) to permit, to let
4) to insist
5) to request, to ask for
6) to permit
7) to prohibit
8) to order
9) to suggest
these verbs will trigger subjunctive in dependent clause if they are used as an order (vs relating a fact)
1) aconsejar
2) decir
3) dejar
4) insistir en
5) pedir
6) permitir
7) prohibir
8) mandar
9) sugerir
Verbs expressing emotions with regard to other people in the main clause cause subjunctive in the dependent clause
1) to be glad
2) to hope
3) to be happy
4) to be sad
5) to be pleasing
6) to regret
7) to be afraid of, to fear for
emotional verbs triggering subjunctive in dependent clause
1) alegrarse de
2) esperar
3) estar contento de
4) estar triste de
5) gustarle a uno
6) sentir
7) tener miedo de, temer
to rush
apresurarse
to get off, to get down
bajarse
to carry (load) or to charge
cargar
to be enchanting
encantar
to miss
extrañar
to wait, to hope, to expect
esperar
to get up
levantarse
to put on (clothing) or to become (a profession)
ponerse
to suggest
sugerir
to look (as in appearance when someone looks at)
i.e. we want to look elegant
i.e. you look bad today
verse
i.e. queremos vernos elegantes
i.e. tú te ves mal hoy
to forget
1) to forget something (use a direct object)
vs
2)to forget to do something
1) olvidar
2) olvidarse (de)
to pack (i.e a suitcase)
empacar
to drown
ahogar
to rent
aquilar
3 uses of preterite
1) express action completed in past
2) express series of completed actions completed in past
3) express a condition that is no longer in effect
to contradict
contradecir
To undo
deshacer
to compose
componer
To propose
proponer
to contain
contener
to detain
detener
to maintain
mantener
to drive
conducir
to translate
traducir
to attract
atraer
to distract
distraer
to prevent
prevenir
to punish
castigar
to hang
colgar
to hand in, to deliver
entregar
to get up early
madrugar
to hit, to glue
pegar
to swallow
tragar
to wander
vagar
to approach
acercarse
to pull out, to root out
arrancar
to put, to place
colocar
to stick out
destacar
to justify
justificar
to chew
mascar
to publish
publicar
to fish
pescar
to take out
sacar
to beg
suplicar
to reach, to overtake
alcanzar
to threaten
amenazar
to throw, to shoot
lanzar
to fulfill
realizar
to pray
rezar
to bump into
tropezarse (con)
to believe
creer
to conclude
concluir
to contribute
contribuir
to distribute
distribuir
to flow
fluir
to flee
huir
to include
incluir
to influence
influir
to possess
poseer
to guess
adivinar
to intend, to try
intentar
special meaning past tense: found out
saber preterite
special meaning past tense: refused
no querer, use preterite
special meaning past tense: failed
no poder, use preterite
preterite ar verbs, cantar as example
canté
cantaste
cantó
cantamos
cantaron
note, no stem change in ar verbs
preterite regular er comer and entender and ver as examples
comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comieron
entendí, entendiste, entendió, entendimos, entendieron
vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron
note: no stem change if er verb
preterite regular IR verbs
salir as example
morir as example
salí
saliste
salió
salimos
salieron
morí
moriste
murió
morimos
murieron
note: stem change is different; e to i (not ie) or o to u (not ue) only occurs in 3rd person singular or plural.
orthographic changes in preterite
1) AR verbs
2) ER or IR verbs
1) AR verbs have yo form impacted
a) -gar has g to gu
b) -car has c to qu
c) -zar has z to c
2) ER verbs have third person singular and plural changes
a) change i to y
ex. caer– caí, caíste, cayó, caímos, cayeron
and
oir– oí, oíste, oyó, oímos, oyeron
b) -uir verbs change i to y
ex. construir: construí, construiste, construyó, construimos, construyeron
17 irregular verbs in preterite
1) andar: anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, anduvieron
2) caber: cupe, cupiste, cupo, cupimos cupieron
3) estar: estuve estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvieron
4) hacer: hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron
5) poder: pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudieron
6) poner: puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusieron
7) querer: quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisieron
8) saber: supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supieron
9) tener: tuve, tuvisto, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvieron
10) venir: vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinieron
11) decir: dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijeron
12) producir: produje, produjiste, produjo, produjimos, produjeron
13) traer: traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimmos, trajeron
14) dar: di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron
15) ir: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron
16) ser: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron
17) haber: hubo (plural and singular)
to dry
secar
to find out
enterarme
to add to, to make complete
añadir
to conquer, to win
vencer
imperfect conjugation regular ar verbs using hablar, dar, estar
hablar: hablaba, hablabas, hablaba, habla’bamos, hablaban
dar: daba, dabas, daba, da’bamos, daban
estar: estaba, estabas, estaba, esta’bamos, estaban
imperfect conjucation regular er and ir verbs using poder, saber, venir
Poder: podi’a, podi’as, podi’a, podi’amos, podi’an
saber: sabi’a, sabi’as, sabi’a, sabi’amos, sabi’an
venir: veni’a, veni’as, veni’a, veni’amos, veni’an
irregular verbs in imperfect and conjugation
to go
to be
to see
ir: iba, ibas, iba, i’bamos, iban
ser: era, eras, era, e’ramos, eran
ver: vei’a, vei’as, vei’a, vei’amos, vei’an
7 uses of imperfect
1) set the stage in the past–express narration, situation, background
2) express habitual, customary or repeated actions in the past
3) express continuous actions in the past
4) express a description in the past
5) express a point of origin (i.e. from Peru) in the past
6) express time in the past
7) express one’s age int he past
To guess
Adivinar
To risk
Arriesgar
To scrub, to wash dishes
Fregar
To tremble
Temblar
To fly
Volar
To sew
Coser
To bless
Bendecir
To groan
Gemir
E to i
Verbs other than estar for gerund
1) to keep/continue (doing something)
2) gradually, little by little
3) to have been doing
Use with and meaning as gerund
1) seguir
2) ir
3) llevar
Irregular verbs in present progressive/gerund form (4 verbs or categories)
Present progressive/gerund
1)ir verbs with stem change o to use in present are o to u in gerund
2) ir verbs with e to ie or e to i in present are e to i in gerund
3) poder is only er verb to stem change in gerund: pudiendo
4) ir becomes yendo
4 Verbs that can be followed with either gerund or infinitive to mean same thing
1) ver
2) mirar
3) escuchar
4) oír
3 Uses present perfect
1) an action we are waiting for but hasn’t yet happened
2) an action that began in past and continues in present
3) an action that has happened at various times in the past and may happen again
To squeeze or tighten
Apretar
To increase or augment
Aumentar
To erase
Borrar
To push
Empujar
To twist
Torcer
To fry
Freír
Ser in present perfect
To have been
Haber sido
Ir in present perfect, to have gone
Haber ido
