Ventilator Terms Flashcards
What are the 4 Ventilator Basics Terms?
1) Control Variables
2) Conditional Variables
3) Trigger
4) Cycle
What is Control Variables?
It is basically target variables set on the ventilator to help assist breathing, and once set, it is fixed unless you change it
What is Conditional Variables?
It is variables that can change accordingly to the nature of each breath to achieve the set control variables
(Example: patient breath less effort conditional variable air pressure in ventilator increase to achieve set tidal volume in volume mode)
What is Trigger?
The factor that triggers inspiration
What is Cycle?
The factor that determines the end of the inspiration and start of exhalation ( can be pressure , time or flow cycle )
What are the 6 Physiological Terms for Ventilators?
1) Airway resistance
2) Lung compliance
3) Atelectasis
4) Derecruitment
5) Recruitment
6) Predicted body weight
What is Airway Resistance?
It is the resistive force encountered during mechanical respiratory cycle ( Normal is < or equal to 5cm H20 )
What is Lung Compliance?
Refers to the elasticity of the lungs or how easy it is to expand and accommodate change in volume/pressure
What is Atelectasis?
It refers to the complete or partial collapse of the lungs / area of the lung
What is Derecruitment?
It is the loss of gas exchange surface area in the lungs due to Atelectasis
What is Recruitment?
It is the restoration of gas exchange surface area in the lungs by applying pressure to open up the area of collapse
What is Predicted Body weight?
It is a setting on the ventilator that predicts patient body weight based on sex and height
What are the 4 Phases of Mechanical Breathing?
1) Initiation Phase
2) Inspiratory Phase
3) Plateau Phase
4) Exhalation Phase
What is The Initiation Phase?
It is the start of mechanical breathing ( can be trigger by patient or machine and have slight air sucking at the start )
What is the Inspiratory Phase?
It is the phase where there is flow of air into the patient’s lung to achieve control variable
What is Plateau Phase?
It is the phase where there is no air flow for approximately 0.5 seconds in between inspiration and exhalation
What is Exhalation phase?
It is a passive process in mechanical breathing ( stop positive air flow and open outlet to atmospheric air pressure to induce exhalation )
What are the 13 Ventilator Settings?
1) PIP ( Peak inspiratory pressure )
2) Pplat ( Pressure Plateau/ Plateau Pressure )
3) PEEP ( Positive End Expiratory Pressure)
4) IPEEP ( Intrinsic PEEP )
5) Driving Pressure
6) iTime ( Inspiratory time )
7) eTime ( Expiratory time )
8) I:E ratio
9) PIF ( Peak Inspiratory Flow )
10) TV ( Tidal Volume )
11) RR ( Respiratory Rate )
12) MV ( Minute Ventilation )
13) FiO2 ( Fraction of inspired oxygen )
What is PIP? ( Peak Inspiratory Pressure )
It is the max pressure in the airways at the end of inspiratory phase
( ideal PIP is < 35 cm H2O or less than 35 cm H2O)
What is Pplat? ( Plateau Pressure )
It is the pressure that remains in the lung alveoli during the cessation of air flow/ plateau phase
( ideal should be at < 30cm H2O or less than 30 cm H2O)
What is PEEP ( Positive End expiratory Pressure )
It is the positive pressure that remains at the end of exhalation
(usually set at 5cm H2O to prevent atelectasis)
What is IPEEP? (Intrinsic PEEP or auto PEEP)
It is the pressure that remains in the lung due to incomplete exhalation in patient with problem lungs
What is Driving Pressure?
It is a term that describes pressure change in inspiration. It is the pressure that would be used to to expand the lungs ( calculated by Pplat - PEEP )
What is iTime? (Inspiratory Time)
It is the time given to the machine to deliver the targeted control variable ( set TV or set Pressure )
