Ventilator support and Critical Care

Question 1

Define BiPAP

Answer 1

Bilevel positive air pressure

Question 2

Define CPAP

Answer 2

Continuous positive airway pressure

Question 3

Define Fraction of inspired oxygen

Question 4

What accessory air support would be used for an oxygen concentration of 24-40% and 1-4LMP?

Answer 4

Nasal Prongs

Question 5

What accessory air support would be used for an oxygen concentration of 40-50% and 5-10 LPM?

Answer 5

Hudson Mask

Question 6

What accessory air support would be used for an oxygen concentration of 24-60% and 2-15LPM?

Answer 6

Venturi Mask

Question 7

What accessory air support would be used for an oxygen concentration of 85-90%, 10-15LPM?

Answer 7

Non-rebreather Mask

Question 8

What is the oxygen concentration of high flow nasal prongs and how many LPM?

Answer 8

up too 100% and 60LPM

Question 9

What is the mechanical ventilation system? And when is it used?

Answer 9

ETT (Endotracheal Tube) or TT (Tracheostomy tube)
When - Patient is having episodes of apnoea, is in respiratory failure, cannot clear their own secretions, has traumatic injury where airway is compromised

Question 10

What is oxygen support vs respiratory support

Answer 10

Oxygen Support , provides extra oxygen when required, requires open airways and alveoli.

Respiratory Support, Helping a person with their breathing, helping the alveoli stay open, done by CPAP, BIPAP, PEEP.

Question 11

Why is High flow more beneficial?

Answer 11

Can be used for pts in resp distress, delivers continuous, warmed and humidified air flow, reduces the effort of breathing, decreased dead space

Question 12

Define acid base imbalance

Answer 12

Acidity or alkalinity on hydrogen ion concentrations
an increase in H+ leads to acidity (acidosis)
a decrease in H+ leads to alkalinity

Question 13

What is the normal pH of the body?

Answer 13

7.35-7.45

Question 14

Define respiratory acidosis

Answer 14

Normal performing lungs regulate the CO2 between 35-45mmHg, when this level increases the carbonic acid builds up in the body. Once the Co2 rises above 45mmHg and pH drops below 7.35 and respiratory acidosis occurs

Question 15

define Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 15

Opposite of respiratory acidosis.
When the CO2 levels are measured at les than 35mmHg and the pH is greater than 7.45
Carbonic acid deficit due to decreased amount of CO2 in the circulatory system
Usually hypoxemia occurs along side this as gas exchange is compromised

Question 16

Define Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 16

Occurs due to a base bicarbonate deflection resulting when an acid (eg ketoacids in diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acid from shock) other than carbonic acid accumulates in the body.
The major compensatory mechanism is respiratory system to expel carbon dioxide from the circulatory system by deep, rapid breathing - kussmuals resps

Question 17

Define Metabloc Alkalosis

Answer 17

Occurs when there is excess of bicarbonate due to loss of acid or a pain in bicarbonate
Loss can occur, prolonged vomiting, excessive gastric auctioning.