Cardiovascular Disorders

Question 1

Define Sinus Tachycardia

Answer 1

regular cardiac rhythm in which the heart beat is faster

Question 2

Define Sinus Brady cardia

Answer 2

regular cardiac rhythm in which the heart beats slower

Question 3

Define Supra-ventricular tachycardia

Answer 3

SVT - irregular heartbeat that is very fast and erratic affects the hearts upper chambers

Question 4

Define ventricular tachycardia

Answer 4

a rapid heart beat the start in the lower chambers of the heart.

Question 5

define ventricular fibrillation

Answer 5

an arrhythmia in the ventricle, occurs when the electrical signals that tell your heart muscle to pump cause your ventricles to quiver (Fibrillate) instead.

Question 6

Define atrial flutter

Answer 6

an irregular heartbeat that occurs when the signals in the atria fire rapidly at the same time

Question 7

Define Astyole

Answer 7

when your hearts electrical system fails entirely which causes your heart to stop pumping.

Question 8

Define myocardial infarction

Answer 8

Occurs due to ischemia causing irreversible myocardia cell death (Necrosis), that leads to total absence of blood flow leading to an acute MI which usually occurs due to thrombus forming in a coronary artery

Question 9

Common Signs and symptoms of MI?

Answer 9

CChest pain often described as crushing, pain not relived by rest. Pain in abdominal, Diaphoresis, pale, nausea or vomiting, pain radiating to neck, jaw, arm.

Question 10

How do you manage a MI?

Answer 10

First Aid, antacid given, Aspirin and GTN given if confirmed MI, administer oxygen if needed, anti-platelet, anticoagulation therapy, beta blockers (Only if confirmed MI with 12 lead)

Question 11

What is the 5s top method to interpret an ECG?

Answer 11

1. Is it regular?
2. Rate
3. P to QRS ration, are there P waves? P;QRS 1;1
4. Look at the QRS complex - Less then 3 small boxes
5. PR interval - communication time between the AV and SA node

Question 12

What are some abnormalities in an ECG?

Answer 12

Sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, atrial dysthymia’s, atrial fibrillation, supra ventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Question 13

Define Premature Ventricular contractions (PVCs) ?

Answer 13

Occurs when there’s an underlying issue such as hypoxia. Some people can have PVCs without any issues.

Question 14

What is a MI also called?

Answer 14

NSTEMI

Question 15

What is unstable angina?

Answer 15

Ischemia without infarction , cardiac troponin are normal or slightly elevated. Slight depression in ST

Question 16

What is a STEMI?

Answer 16

St- SEGMAENT Elevation Myocardial infarction
Transmural
Infraction

Question 17

What is a common side effect of GTN and how can you prevent it?

Answer 17

Headache’s - Administer panadol

Question 18

What is clopidogrel ?

Answer 18

inhibits platelet aggregation and is an alternative for patients who cannot take aspirin

Question 19

What is glycoprotein?

Answer 19

platelet aggregation inhibitors

Question 20

What is thrombolytic therapy?

Answer 20

Dissolves blood clots

Question 21

When is thrombolytic therapy contraindicated?

Answer 21

active internal bleeding, possible aortic aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, intracranial neoplasm or previous hemorrhagic stroke, recent traumatic brain injury or facial trauma

Question 22

What are percutaneous cardiac interventions

Answer 22

Echocardiograms, Angiogram, Ballone and mesh.

Question 23

Define Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Answer 23

used to determine haemodynamic stability of a patient. The MAP refers to average pressure within the arterial system that is felt by organs in the body. MAP + (SBP =2DBP)/3

Question 24

What are the shockable rhythms?

Answer 24

abnormal heart rhythms that can be treated with defibrillation, to return to normal rhythm
- ventricular fibrillation (VF)
-pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Question 25

What are non-schockable rhythms?

Answer 25

abnormal heart rhythms that do no respond to defibrillation,
- asystole
-pulseless electrical activity