Ventilation Vocabulary Flashcards
What 3 things help the lungs ventilate?
- Diaphragm
- Intercostal muscles
- accessory muscles
What is the diaphragm doing during inhalation?
diaphragm flattens, which enlarges the thoracic cavity, and then pulls air into lungs
What is the diaphragm doing during exhalation?
diaphragm to bulge upward again returning to its normal position, which compresses the lungs and then expels air
Brainstem neurons that respond to changes in pH of cerebrospinal fluid. By regulating respiration to maintain stable pH, respiratory center also ensures stable CO2 level in blood
central chemoreceptors
No ________ pacemaker cells for respiration, as in the heart
autorythmic
located in the carotid and aortic bodies of the large arteries above the heart, respond to the O2 and CO2 content and the pH of blood
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Nerve endings amid the epithelial cells of the airway. Respond to smoke, dust, pollen, chemical fumes, cold air, and excess mucus
Irritant receptors
Found in the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles (and visceral pleura), respond to stretch in airway
Stretch receptors
Movement of air is governed by _________ and ________.
pressure and resistance
at a constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume in a closed system
Boyle’s Law
volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
Charle’s Law
How easily the lung can expand
compliance
How easily the lung is able to recoil
elastance
Epinephrine and sympathetic stimulation _________ the bronchioles.
Bronchodilate- increase airflow
Histamine, parasympathetic nerves, cold air, and chemical irritants stimulate ___________.
bronchoconstriction- decrease airflow
ease with which the lungs can expand
Pulmonary compliance
Compliance is _______ by degenerative lung diseases in which the lungs are stiffened by scar tissue
reduced
Only air that enters _______ is available for gas exchange.
alveoli
type of disorder that reduce pulmonary compliance (limit the amount to which the lungs can be inflated)
Restrictive disorder- black lung disease and tuberculosis
type of disorder that interfere with airflow by narrowing or blocking the airway (making it harder to inhale or exhale a given amount of air)
Obstructive disorder- asthma or chronic bronchitis
