Ventilation Vocabulary

Question 1

What 3 things help the lungs ventilate?

Answer 1

1. Diaphragm
2. Intercostal muscles
3. accessory muscles

Question 2

What is the diaphragm doing during inhalation?

Answer 2

diaphragm flattens, which enlarges the thoracic cavity, and then pulls air into lungs

Question 3

What is the diaphragm doing during exhalation?

Answer 3

diaphragm to bulge upward again returning to its normal position, which compresses the lungs and then expels air

Question 4

Brainstem neurons that respond to changes in pH of cerebrospinal fluid. By regulating respiration to maintain stable pH, respiratory center also ensures stable CO2 level in blood

Answer 4

central chemoreceptors

Question 5

No ________ pacemaker cells for respiration, as in the heart

Answer 5

autorythmic

Question 6

located in the carotid and aortic bodies of the large arteries above the heart, respond to the O2 and CO2 content and the pH of blood

Answer 6

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 7

Nerve endings amid the epithelial cells of the airway. Respond to smoke, dust, pollen, chemical fumes, cold air, and excess mucus

Answer 7

Irritant receptors

Question 8

Found in the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles (and visceral pleura), respond to stretch in airway

Answer 8

Stretch receptors

Question 9

Movement of air is governed by _________ and ________.

Answer 9

pressure and resistance

Question 10

at a constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume in a closed system

Answer 10

Boyle’s Law

Question 11

volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

Answer 11

Charle’s Law

Question 12

How easily the lung can expand

Answer 12

compliance

Question 13

How easily the lung is able to recoil

Answer 13

elastance

Question 14

Epinephrine and sympathetic stimulation _________ the bronchioles.

Answer 14

Bronchodilate- increase airflow

Question 15

Histamine, parasympathetic nerves, cold air, and chemical irritants stimulate ___________.

Answer 15

bronchoconstriction- decrease airflow

Question 16

ease with which the lungs can expand

Answer 16

Pulmonary compliance

Question 17

Compliance is _______ by degenerative lung diseases in which the lungs are stiffened by scar tissue

Answer 17

reduced

Question 18

Only air that enters _______ is available for gas exchange.

Answer 18

alveoli

Question 19

type of disorder that reduce pulmonary compliance (limit the amount to which the lungs can be inflated)

Answer 19

Restrictive disorder- black lung disease and tuberculosis

Question 20

type of disorder that interfere with airflow by narrowing or blocking the airway (making it harder to inhale or exhale a given amount of air)

Answer 20

Obstructive disorder- asthma or chronic bronchitis