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Physiology > Circulatory System SI Materials > Flashcards

Circulatory System SI Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs when smooth muscle of tunica media contracts?

A

vasoconstriction

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2
Q

A vasodialated blood vessel would allow blood to move __________?

A

quicker

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3
Q

Which is NOT a reason blood velocity decreases from aorta to capillaries?
A. Greater distance, more friction to reduce speed
B. farther from heart, vessels/cross-section area is greater
C. Larger radii of veins
D. Smaller radii of arterioles and capillaries

A

C. Larger radii of veins

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4
Q

What is the most significant point of control over peripheral resistance and flow?

A

Arterioles

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5
Q

The Local Control of autoregulation is what type of feedback system?

A

Negative Feedback System

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6
Q

In Neural Control, which part of the brain exerts sympathetic control over BV through the body?

A

Vasomotor center of medulla

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7
Q 
Which is NOT apart of the Neural Control?
A. Vasoactive reflex
B. Chemoreflex
C. Baroreflex
D. Medullary ischemic reflex
A

A. Vasoactive reflex

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8
Q

Which role of Chemoreceptors is the primary role?

A

adjust respiration to changes in blood chemistry

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9
Q

What is the function of Angiotensin II?

A

vasoconstriction

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10
Q

What is the function of Atrial natriuretic peptide?

A

increases urinary Na+ excretion

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11
Q

True or False: Anti-diuretic hormone promotes water retention and lowers BP?

A

False

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12
Q

In cardiac muscle BVs, epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to ___________ receptors?

A

β-adrenergic

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13
Q

Which is NOT true of veins versus arteries?
A. Veins have a greater capacity for blood containment
B. Veins have thinner, flaccid, less muscular, walls
C. Veins collapse when empty, expand easily
D. Veins are subjected to relatively high blood pressure

A

D. Veins are subjected to relatively high blood pressure

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14
Q

True or False: veins carry blood away from the heart?

A

False

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15
Q

What is the correct order of the 3 layers of the vessel wall? (from deep to superficial)

A

tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

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16
Q

What is the definition of Anastomosis?

A

convergence point between two vessels other than capillaries

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17
Q

For Hemodynamics, the greater the resistance the ___________.

A

less the flow

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18
Q

For Hemodynamics, the greater the pressure difference between two points, the_________.

A

greater the flow

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19
Q

The CARDIOVASCULAR System includes which structures?

A

Heart, Blood Vessels

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20
Q

Which is NOT a route that chemicals pass through the capillary wall?
A. Endothelial cell cytoplasm
B. Atrioventricular valves within the membrane
C. Filtration pores of the fenestrated capillaries
D. Intercellular clefts between endothelial cell

A

B. Atrioventricular valves within the membrane

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21
Q

During capillary exchange, glucose and oxygen use ________ to move out of the blood.

A

Diffusion

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22
Q

True or False: the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood.

A

True

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23
Q

Which layer of the heart wall produces a wringing motion and provides electrical insulation?

A

Myocardium

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24
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the ______________.

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

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25
Q

Why is Coronary Circulation important for the heart?

A

To sustain strenuous workload

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26
Q

The _________ valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.

A

Mitral

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27
Q

The most important blood in the body is in the ___________.

A

Capillaries

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28
Q

True or False: Glucose and electrolytes can diffuse easily through plasma membranes because they are lipid soluble.

A

False. Glucose and electrolytes must pass through filtration pores and intercellular clefts. Steroid hormones, O2, and CO2 diffuse easily through plasma membranes (lipid soluble).

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29
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_     \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure draws fluid into the capillaries.
A. Diastolic Blood
B. Systolic Blood
C. Blood Hydrostatic
D. Colloid Osmotic
A

D. Colloid Osmotic

30
Q 
Which is NOT one of the primary causes of edema?
A. Increased capillary filtration
B. Reduced capillary absorption
C. Obstructed lymphatic drainage
D. These are all primary causes
A

D. These are all primary causes

31
Q 
Which mechanism is the most important force in venous return?
A. Gravity
B. Skeletal Muscle Pump
C. Cardiac Suction
D. Blood Pressure
A

D. Blood Pressure

32
Q

True or False: Exercise decreased venous return.

A

False. Exercise increases.

33
Q

The Systemic Circuit is on the ______ side of the heart and carries oxygenated blood to the ______.

A

left, body

34
Q

What is the correct order for the layers of the heart wall (from deep to superficial)?

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

35
Q

True or False: Cardiac Muscle is striated.

A

True

36
Q

What is the term for a broad band of proteins in which the actin is anchored to the plasma membrane?

A

Fascia adherens

37
Q

What is the term for mechanical linkages that prevent contracting cardiocytes from being pulled apart from each other?

A

Desmosomes

38
Q

True or False: Cardiac muscle depends on anaerobic respiration?

A

False. Depends on aerobic respiration.

39
Q

Cardiac Muscle is rich in ___________ and ___________.

A

Myoglobin and Glycogen

40
Q

What is the function of the Pacemaker Cells?

A

Initiates action potentials to other cardiocytes

41
Q

Which structure is the only way electrical signals can get to the ventricles due to the electrical insulation in the atria?

A

AV Node

42
Q

The gradual membrane potential drift in Pacemaker Cells is due to the ______________.

A

Funny Cells

43
Q

The influx of Calcium traveling into the ICF is _____________.

A

Depolarization

44
Q 
During sympathetic activity, NE and E bind to \_\_\_ adrenergic receptors which open \_\_\_\_\_\_ channels, increasing the rate of AP.
A. A, potassium
B. B, calcium
C. A, calcium
D. B, funny
A

D. B, funny

45
Q 
During parasympathetic activity, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ binds to muscarinic receptors, opening \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ channels that inhibit action potentials.
A. Calcium, potassium
B. Acetylcholine, funny
C. Acetylcholine, potassium
D. NE and E, funny
A

C. Acetylcholine, potassium

46
Q

S1 occurs with the closure of the ____________.

A

AV Valves

47
Q 
During Late diastole--which part of the heart is relaxed?
A. Right Atrium
B. Left Atrium
C. Right Ventricle
D. Left Ventricle
E. All of the above
A

E. All of the above

48
Q

Why is it called “isovolumetric” contraction?

A

The ventricles contract but do not eject blood

49
Q

What is the term for the amount ejected by each ventricle in 1 min?

A

Cardiac Output

50
Q 
Which does not increase Cardiac Output?
A. Sympathetic neurotransmitters (NE)
B. Catecholamines
C. Thyroid hormone
D. Beta blockers
A

D. Beta blockers- prevents E from binding to its B adrenergic receptor

51
Q

True or False: Diastole and Systole usually refer to the action of the ventricles?

A

True

52
Q

In the Conduction System, the pacemaker cells are depolarized due to the ______ ions.

A

Calcium

53
Q

What occurs at the QRS complex?

A

Ventricular depolarization

54
Q

True or False- Ventricular filling occurs in 3 phases: Rapid, Diastasis, Atrial systole.

A

True

55
Q

What causes the plateau phase of the myocardium?

A

Voltage-gated slow calcium channels

56
Q

What is the name of the conjoined system of the heart and lungs?

A

Cardiopulmonary system

57
Q

Which is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
A. Gas exchange
B. Communication
C. Blood pressure regulation
D. pH balance
E. The lungs are involved in all of these

A

E. The lungs are involved in all of these

58
Q

Which structure is involved in gas exchange?

A

Alveoli

59
Q

True of False: The conducting division contains structures only used for gas exchange.

A

False - conducting is only air flow, respiratory is for gas exchange

60
Q

What is the correct order for the path of air intake?

A

Trachea - Bronchus - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli

61
Q

Which alveolar cell phagocytizes dust particles to keep the alveoli clean?

A

Alveolar macrophages

62
Q

What kind of breathing is effortless and automatic?

A

Quiet respiration

63
Q

The prime mover of respiration?

A

Diaphragm

64
Q 
What is a Restrictive disorder?
A. Reduce pulmonary compliance 
B. Narrowing or blocking airway
C. Asthma and chronic bronchitis
D. Limits lung inflation
E. Both A and D
F. Both B and C
A

E. Both A and D

65
Q 
What is an Obstructive disorder?
A. Reduce pulmonary compliance 
B. Narrowing or blocking airway
C. Asthma and chronic bronchitis
D. Limits lung inflation
E. Both A and D
F. Both B and C
A

F. Both B and C

66
Q

The “P” before individual gasses is referred to as _________.

A

Partial Pressure

67
Q

The air you breathe in has a _______ partial pressure of Oxygen, therefore it moves down its concentration gradient ________ the blood.

A

higher, into

68
Q

Which statement is NOT true about Ventilation-perfusion coupling?
A. Gas exchange required both good ventilation and perfusion.
B. Perfusion adjusts to changes in ventilation.
C. Decreased airflow would cause a vasodilation of pulmonary blood vessels.
D. Bronchi change diameter depending on blood flow.

A

C. Decreased airflow would cause a vasodilation of pulmonary blood vessels.

69
Q

Breathing is controlled by _________?

A

Neural Controls, skeletal muscles and brain.

70
Q

In order for air to enter the lungs, pressure inside the lungs must be _____________ atmospheric pressure.

A

less than

Physiology (9 decks)

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