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Physiology > Gas Exchange and Transport Vocabulary > Flashcards

Gas Exchange and Transport Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

total atmospheric pressure is the sum of the contributions of the individual gases

A

Dalton’s law

Partial pressure: the separate contribution of each gas in a mixture

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2
Q

Composition of inspired and alveolar air differs because of 3 influences:

A
  1. air is humidified by contact with mucous membraned
  2. air in alveoli mixes with residual air left from previous respiratory cycle
  3. alveolar air exchanges O2 and CO2 with blood
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3
Q

mixture of gases that exerts a pressure

A

Air

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4
Q

Each individual gas exerts its own pressure =

A

partial pressure

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5
Q

The higher concentration of a gas in the air, the _______ the partial pressure.

A

greater

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6
Q

at the air–blood interface (for a given temperature) the amount of gas that dissolves in the blood is determined by its solubility in blood and its partial pressure in air

A

Henry’s law

-The greater the PO2 in the alveolar air, the more O2 the blood picks up

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7
Q

What are some factors that affect efficiency of alveolar gas exchange:

A
  1. Partial pressure gradients
  2. Solubility of gases
  3. Respiratory membrane thickness
  4. Respiratory membrane area
  5. Ventilation-perfusion coupling
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8
Q

CO2 is ______ soluble than O2.

A

more

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9
Q

the ability to match air flow and blood flow to each other

A

Ventilation–perfusion coupling

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10
Q

According to ventilation-perfusion coupling, if there is increased blood flow there will be elevated PCO2 in alveoli, __________ of bronchioles and __________ airflow.

A

dilation of bronchioles and increased airflow.

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11
Q

According to ventilation-perfusion coupling, if there is decreased blood flow there will be reduced PCO2 in alveoli, __________ of bronchoiles and __________ airflow.

A

constriction of bronchioles and decreased airflow.

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12
Q

CO2 is a waste product of ________ respiration.

A

Aerobic

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13
Q

Oxygen leaves alveoli to go into the capillaries because the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is ________ so it wants to diffuse _______ its pressure gradient.

A

high, down

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14
Q

CO2 wants to leave the capillaries and enter the alveoli because the partial pressure of CO2 is _______ in the capillaries and it wants to diffuse ______ its pressure gradient.

A

high, down

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15
Q

the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area.

A

Surface tension

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16
Q

High surface tension in alveoli would cause collapse. Thats why alveoli require_______.

A

Surfactant

17
Q

the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa

A

Gas transport

18
Q

What 2 ways is oxygen transported:

A
  1. bound to hemoglobin in RBC (mostly)

2. dissolved in plasma

19
Q

What 3 ways is CO2 transported:

A
  1. is hydrated to form carbonic acid (in RBCs)
  2. is bound to proteins in plasma and RBCs
  3. is dissolved as a gas in plasma
20
Q

O2 bound to hemoglobin

A

Oxyhemoglobin

21
Q

hemoglobin with no O2

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

22
Q

the unloading of O2 and loading of CO2 at the systemic capillaries

A

Systemic gas exchange

23
Q

What are the 3 fates of CO2 entering the blood:

A
  1. Dissolves
  2. Binds to plasma proteins (forms carbamino compounds)
  3. Enters red blood cells
    • Binds hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin)
    • Converted to carbonic acid (majority)
24
Q

Carbonic anhydrase in RBC converts CO2 into Carbonic Acid. How does this happen.

A

CO2 binds to H2O which creates H2CO3 (carbonic acid). The carbonic acid is then converted to HCO3- (bicarbonate) and H+ (hydrogen ions).

25
Q

After carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate and hydrogen in the RBC, what happens?

A

Hydrogen is accumulated in the RBC. Bicarbonate is sent out via an anti-porter. This anti-porter also brings Cl- into the cell.

26
Q

During CO2 unloading what happens?

A

The exact opposite process of carbonic anhydrase.

27
Q

What 4 factors adjust the rate of oxygen unloading:

A
  1. PO2 (partial pressure of oxygen)
  2. Temperature
  3. active tissues has more CO2, which produces H+, weakening the bond between O2 and hemoglobin
  4. Bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)(fever, growth hormone, testosterone, and epinephrine)
28
Q

low levels of oxyhemoglobin (hemoglobins carrying oxygen) enables the blood to transport more CO2

A

Haldane effect

Physiology (9 decks)

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