Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anesthesiology > Ventilation and Ventilators in Veterinary Anesthesia > Flashcards

Ventilation and Ventilators in Veterinary Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Movement of gas between the lungs and atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is ventilation defined by?

A

PaCo2, not PaO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Decreased PaCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is hypoventilation?

A

Increased PaCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is apnea?

A

Absence of ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you calculate minute ventilation?

A

Tidal volume x RR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is spontaneous ventilation?

A

Patient controls their own ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False: Most anesthetic drugs will depress ventilation

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a patient is under anesthesia with 100% O2 but is only taking 2 breaths per minute, what will happen to PO2 and PCO2

A

PO2 could be normal, but it will not allow for normal minute volume and the PaCO2 will be up and the patient will be hypoventilating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the effect on the depth of inhalant anesthesia if a patient is hypoventilating?

A

Less inhalant is reaching the lungs and therefore the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is assisted ventilation?

A

Periodic ventillatory support (assisted breaths at variable rate –> patient respiratory initiate efforts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is controlled ventilation?

A

Complete control of patient’s ventillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can you control ventilation?

A

Reservoir bag
Demand valve
Automatic ventilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is peak inspiratory pressure?

A

The peak pressure reached during the ventilatory cycle (20 cmH2O SA, 20-60 LA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is positive end-expiratory pressure?

A

Pressure in the system is always positive (never returns to zero –> ventilators with ascending bellow always have a PEEP of 2 cmH2O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is inspiratory:expiratory ratio?

A

The ratio of time: inspiratory and expiratory phases –> usually set to 1:2, as normal ventilation has an expiratory pause

17
Q

What are indications for controlled ventilation?

A 
Hypoventilation (PaCO2 >55 mmHg)
Intra-thoracic surgery
CNS disease
Large animal anesthesia
Patients who have received neuromuscular blocking agents
Control depth of inhalant anesthesia
18
Q

What are the components of an anesthesia ventilator?

A 
Power source
Major control variable
Drive mechanism
Cycling mechanism
Bellows configuration
19
Q

What is required to power the ventilator?

A

Electricity and/or compressed gas (usually both)

20
Q

What is the major control variable?

A

Determines the patient’s delivered tidal volume

21
Q

What is a volume-controlled ventilator?

A

Most anesthesia ventilators

Means that there is a set tidal volume and that is what is administered

22
Q

What is a pressure-controlled ventilator?

A

Means that you set a certain pressure and tidal volume is adjusted to reach this airway pressure

23
Q

What is the drive mechanism?

A

This is how a breath is delivered to the patient

24
Q

What is a pneumatically-driven bellow?

A

Dual-circuit ventilator

Means you have separate driving gas chamber and then the patient circuit

25
Q

What is an electronically-drive piston ventilator?

A

Single-circuit ventilator

Only one gas circuit, which is the patient circuit

26
Q

What is the cycling mechanism?

A

This is what determines how the ventilator cycles from inspiration to expiration and back again

27
Q

What is the cycling mechanism of most ventilators?

A

Time-cycled

28
Q

What are the options for bellows configurations?

A

Ascending

Descending

29
Q

How do you set up a ventilator?

A

Turn tidal volume all the way down (to ensure no surprise large breaths)
Connect hose to where reservoir bag attaches
Close APL valve (pop-off valve)
Attach scavenge to ventilator
Turn on ventilator, set respiratory rate, and slowly increase to the desired tidal volume and PIP

30
Q

What does capnography do?

A

Uses end-tidal CO2 to estimate PaCO2

31
Q

What is normal ETCO2?

A

35-45 mmHg

32
Q

What are the 2 main types of capnometers?

A

Mainstream

Sidestream

33
Q

What is a mainstream capnometer?

A

ETCO2 is analyzed at the site of the capnometer placement

34
Q

What is a sidestream capnometer?

A

A sample of the expired gas is diverted to a measuring site within the monitor

35
Q

What is the adjustment of the ventilator based on?

A

Patient’s ETCO2

36
Q

What patient factors must be considered when adjusting the ventilator?

A 
Type of procedure (open thorax or not)
Pulmonary disease
Pleural or pericardial disease
CNS disease
Compliance and PIP
37
Q

What are physiolocal effects of IPPV?

A

Possible volutrauma and/or barotrauma
Decreased compliance over time
Decreased venous return and therefore decreased BP

Anesthesiology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions