Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anesthesiology > Anesthesia for Pigs and Ruminants > Flashcards

Anesthesia for Pigs and Ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of extra label drug use?

A

Human labeled drugs in animals (diazepam, midazolam)
Use in a non-approved species (xylazine, dexmedetomidine, telazol, propofol, ketamine, sevoflurane)
Approved for a species, but used in an non-labeled indication or dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When do we use extra-label drugs in food animals?

A

Make an accurate diagnosis within the context of a VCR
Assure no labeled drug is available or appropriate for the circumstance
Positively identify the treated animal
Supply withdrawal info to the client in writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is general anesthesia not used often for swine and ruminants?

A

Cost/residue issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the reasons for general anesthesia in pigs?

A 
Foot trims/teeth
Lameness
OHE/castration
Diagnostics
Exploratory laparotomy
Radiation treatment
Research
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are anesthetic concerns in pigs?

A

Prone to laryngospasm
Long floppy epiglottis, poor laryngeal visualization
Ventral laryngeal diverticulum
Small tracheal diameter for size and weight
Limited IV access
Respiratory depression common
Low surface area to body mass, poor thermoregulatory function- easy to overhear
Variable responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How should you prep a swine patient?

A

Withhold food 4-6 hours and water 1 hour
Preoperative abnormalities should be corrected prior to anesthesia
Consider pre-emptive analgesia
Minimize anesthesia time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What veins can you access in pigs?

A 
Marginal ear veins
Cephalic veins
Lateral or medial saphenous vein
Cutaneous epigastric veins
Jugular vein in young animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is piggy magic?

A

Dexmedetomidine (20-40 mcg/kg IM)
Butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg IM)
Ketamine (10-20 mg/kg IM)
Option: glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg IM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What dose can telazol be used as a premed?

A

1-5 mg/kg IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is telazol associated with?

A

Prolonged and/or rocky recoveries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is generally the best for anesthetic maintenance?

A

Inhalants
Iso or sevo
Can be administered by mask, but endotracheal intubation is safest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can all volatile anesthetics trigger?

A

Malignant hyperthermia/porcine stress syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are signs of pain in pigs?

A 
Increased tolerance to handling
Reluctance to stand or move
Lameness
Inappetence
Shivering, piloerection
Short, high pitched grunts when forced to move
Tucked up abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can be used for postoperative analgesia?

A

Butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg IM, IV)
Buprenorphine (0.005-0.02 mg/kg IM, IV)
Carprofen (2-4 mg/kg SQ or IV, up to 3 days)
Flunixin (1-2 mg/kg SQ, IV, up to 3 days)
Ketoprofen (3 mg/kg IM, once)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia/porcine stress syndrome?

A

Single point pharmacogenetic defect in the ryanodine gene (HAL 1843 dm) affecting Ca transport into muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What pig breeds have MH/PSS?

A

Heavily muscled breeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is PSS triggered by?

A

Stress, high environmental temps, exercise, mating, fighting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is MH triggered by?

A

Volatile anesthetics, depolarizing muscle relaxants, caffeine

19
Q

True or false: HAL 1842 dm is rare in potbellied pigs

A

True

20
Q

What are signs of acute MH/PSS?

A 
Spiking body temp
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
O2 desaturation and cyanosis
Hypercarbia with rapid color change and heating of CO2 absorber
Met acidosis
Skeletal muscle rigidity
Blotchy mottling of skin
21
Q

When can pigs get hot without MH/PSS?

A

Stressed
During physical exertion/shipping
Placed in a hot environemnt

22
Q

What do anesthetics inhibit?

A

Hypothalamic thermoregulation

23
Q

How can you treat MH/PSS?

A

Discontinue inhaled anesthesia

Dantrolene 1-3 mg/kg IV push

24
Q

What are the short term side effects of dantrolene?

A

Muscle weakness (exacerbated by concomitant tranquilizer or neuromusclar blocker administration)

25
Q

What are the long term side effects of dantrolene?

A

Hepatitis, seizures, pleural effusion with pericarditis

26
Q

What are the reasons for general anesthesia in ruminants?

A 
Urinary obstruction/ruptured bladder
Abdominal exploratory
Rumenotomy for grain overload
C-section
Research
27
Q

What does electroimmobilization cause?

A

Conscious paralysis and aversive recall. No analgesia

28
Q

What are the anesthetic concerns of ruminants?

A

Difficulty visualizing arrytenoids- unable to open mouth wide
Reflex regurgitation can result in aspiration pneumonia
Bloat likely with prolonged recumbence
Profuse salivation

29
Q

What should be done to prepare ruminants for procedures?

A

Withhold feed 8-12 hours, water 8-12 hours
Consider pre-emptive analgesia
Minimize anesthesia time

30
Q

What can be used for premeds in ruminants?

A

Midazolam + butorphanol

Alpha-2 agonists (dexmedetomidine, xyalzine)

31
Q

How can you reverse alpha-2 agonists?

A

Atipamezole

32
Q

What are α2s associated with?

A 
Hyperglycemia
Diuresis
Bloat
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary edema
Hypoxia
33
Q

What can be used for induction in ruminants?

A

Propofol
Midazolam + ketamine
Xylazine + ketamine
Telazol

34
Q

How are stun techniques done?

A

IV or IM induction with an injectable anesthetic

35
Q

What are stun techniques used for?

A

Short duration procedures

36
Q

What must be used in stun techniques?

A

A drug that produces unconsciousness

37
Q

What is used for anesthetic maintenance in ruminants?

A

Inhalants
Propofol
Sheep/goat: 5% guaifenesin solution with xylazine and ketamine

38
Q

What makes llamas unique?

A

Obligate nose breathers
Elevated base of tongue
Nasopharyngeal diverticulum
Constrictive palatopharyngeal arch at the end of the soft palate forms an ostium
Epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages protrude through intrapharyngeal ostium into nasopharynx

39
Q

What is required for endotracheal intubation of camelids?

A

350 mm laryngoscope or endoscope

40
Q

What are signs of ruminant pain?

A 
Vocalization
Teeth grinding
Lack of cudding
Inappentance
Flank watching/kicking
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
41
Q

What was the first drug approved for pain control in livestock?

A

Transdermal flunixin

42
Q

True or False: phenylbutazone is approved for use in food-producing animals

A

False, only approved for dogs and horses

43
Q

In what age dairy cattle is phenylbutazone banned by the FDA?

A

> /= 20 months

Anesthesiology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions