Reptile, Small Mammal, and Zoo Animal Anesthesia Flashcards
What is allometry?
The study of the relationship of body size to shape, anatomy, physiology, and behavior
True or False: reptiles are tolerant of mild hypoxemia
True
What kind of animals are reptiles in terms of thermal regulation?
Ecothermic
What do the internal temperatures of reptiles depend on?
Environemental temps
What is the rule of thumb for maintaining the temperature of reptiles?
Keep room temp warm
What is the renal portal system in reptiles?
Venous blood from pelvic limbs goes through the kidneys
What is the renal portal system controlled by?
Portal valves
What is the problem with epinephrine use in reptiles?
Opens valves and blood will bypass kidneys which may lead to under dosing and contribute to renal toxicity
How many chambers are in the heart of a reptile?
3, but 4 in a croc
True or false: reptiles have fast HRs
False, they are slow
What is unique about the respiratory system of reptiles?
No epiglottis, no diaphragm
Crocs: long soft palate, overlaps gular fold and protects airway underwater
True or false: some snakes gave one lung
True
Boas, pythons have 2 lungs
True or false: snakes have a slow RR and breath holding is not unusual
True
What should be done in preparation for anesthetizing a reptile?
Warm room
Fasting:
lizards, turtles 12-24 hours
Snakes up to 72 hours
What can be the problem with mask induction for reptiles?
It is feasible, but it can be slow because of breath holding
What is the issue with injectable drugs in reptiles?
Renal-portal drug elimination (same as birds)
What are injection sites for injectable drugs in reptiles?
IM is common
IV: tail, ventral abdominal, jugular vein
What type of premeds are usually necessary in turtles?
IM- extend head and neck from shell
What is common as premed in reptiles?
Ketamine combos
What is used in healthy reptiles for premed?
Ketamine + dexmedetomidine
What is used in sick reptiles for premed?
Ketamine + butorphanol + midazolam
What is used for anesthetic maintenance in reptiles?
Intubate if possible with uncuffed ET tube
Mask otherwise with iso or sevo
What should be done to a reptile if apneic?
Ventilate 1-2 times per minute
How can you check anesthetic depth in a reptile?
Cloacal tone, toe pinch, tail pinch
What is the recovery from anesthesia like in reptiles?
Slow
Recover tail to head
How can you prepare for anesthesia in small mammals?
Minimal handling if easily stressed
Minimal fasting
Try to weigh
True or false: recovery will be quick in small mammals if high dosages of anesthetic drugs are used
False, recovery will take a long time
What can cause you to easily overdose in small mammals?
If you use inhalants together with high dosages of injectables
What is the safest anesthetic drugs for small mammals?
Low dose injectables combined with inhalants
What is the injectable combination used in small mammals?
Ketamine + midazolam +/- butorphanol or buprenorphine
What do you have to be careful of in the airways of small mammals?
Mucus plugs
What can be used for analgesia in small mammals?
Opioids, NSAIDs
True or false: use manage ferrets like small cats
True
What is used for induction and maintenance of small rodents?
Inhalant via mask
What is required to examine zoo animals?
Chemical immobilization
When are physical and laboratory parameters taken in zoo animals?
After drugs are given
What are popular drug combinations used in zoo animals?
Dissociative combinations
True or false: telazol can be used in tigers
False
What is needed if using an inhalant in zoo animals?
Large animal anesthesia machine
