VENTILATION AND RESPIRATORY VOLUMES

Question 1

the process of moving air into and out
of the lungs

Answer 1

Ventilation (breathing)

Question 2

the movement of air into the lungs

Answer 2

Inspiration (inhalation)

Question 3

the movement of air out of the lungs

Answer 3

expiration (exhalation)

Question 4

Inhaling requires a set of muscles called the

Answer 4

muscles of inspiration

Question 5

a large dome of skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Answer 5

diaphragm

Question 6

Forceful exhalation requires a set of muscles called the

Answer 6

muscles of expiration

Question 7

Two physical principles govern the flow of air into and out of the lungs:

Answer 7

1. Changes in volume result in changes in pressure
2. Air flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.

Question 8

the air pressure within the alveoli

Answer 8

alveolar pressure

Question 9

the air pressure outside the body

Answer 9

atmospheric pressure

Question 10

the tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size

Answer 10

lung recoil

Question 11

exists because the oppositely charged
ends of water molecules are attracted to each other

Answer 11

surface tension

Question 12

Two factors keep the lungs from collapsing:

Answer 12

(1) surfactant and
(2) pressure in the pleural cavity.

Question 13

a mixture of lipoprotein molecules produced by secretory cells of the alveolar epithelium

Answer 13

surfactant

Question 14

the pressure in the pleural cavity, is less
than alveolar pressure, the alveoli tend to expand
-keeps the alveoli expanded

Answer 14

pleural pressure

Question 15

the process of measuring volumes
of air that move into and out of the respiratory system

Answer 15

spirometry

Question 16

the device that measures these respiratory volumes

Answer 16

spirometer

Question 17

measures of the amount of air movement during different portions of ventilation

Answer 17

respiratory volumes

Question 18

sums of two or more respiratory volumes

Answer 18

respiratory capacities

Question 19

The four respiratory volumes and their normal values for a young adult male

Answer 19

Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume

Question 20

the volume of air inspired or expired
with each breath. (500ml)

Answer 20

tidal volume

Question 21

the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume (3000mL)

Answer 21

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 22

the amount of air that can be expired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume (1100mL)

Answer 22

expiratory reserve volume

Question 23

the volume of air still remaining in the
respiratory passages and lungs after maximum expiration (1200mL)

Answer 23

residual volume

Question 24

Values of respiratory capacities, the sum of two or more pulmonary volumes:

Answer 24

1. Functional residual capacity
2. Inspiratory capacity
3. Vital capacity
4. Total lung capacity

Question 25

the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. (about 2300 mL at rest)

Answer 25

Functional residual capacity

Question 26

the tidal volume plus the inspiratory
reserve volume. (about 3500 mL at rest)

Answer 26

Inspiratory capacity

Question 27

the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume,
the tidal volume, and the expiratory reserve volume. (about 4600 mL)

Answer 27

Vital capacity

Question 28

the sum of the inspiratory and
expiratory reserves and the tidal and residual volumes (about 5800 mL)

Answer 28

Total lung capacity

Question 29

the rate at which lung volume changes during direct measurement of the vital capacity

Answer 29

forced expiratory vital capacity

Question 30

This is the amount of air
remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration

Answer 30

about 2300 mL at rest

Question 31

This is the amount of air a person can
inspire maximally after a normal expiration

Answer 31

(about 3500 mL at rest)

Question 32

It is the maximum volume of air that a person can expel from the respiratory tract after a maximum inspiration

Answer 32

(about 4600 mL)

Question 33

The total lung capacity is also equal
to the vital capacity plus the residual volume.

Answer 33

(about 5800 mL)