DISEASES

Question 1

characterized by abnormally increased constriction of the trachea and
bronchi in response to various stimuli, which decrease ventilation efficiency

Answer 1

asthma

Question 2

Inflammation of bronchi impairs breathing; bronchitis can progress to emphysema

Answer 2

bronchitis

Question 3

Destruction of alveolar walls;
loss of alveoli decreases surface area for gas exchange; there is no cure;
alone or with bronchitis, known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 3

emphysema

Question 4

Caused by damage to the respiratory membrane;

amount of surfactant is reduced lessening gas exchange;

develops after an injurious event

Answer 4

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Question 5

Genetic disorder that affects mucus secretions throughout the body due to an abnormal transport protein;

mucus is much more viscous and accumulates in ducts and tubes, such as the bronchioles;

airflow is restricted, and infections are more likely

Answer 5

Cystic fibrosis

Question 6

Occurs in the epithelium of the respiratory tract;

can easily spread to other parts of the body because of the rich blood and lymphatic supply to the lungs

Answer 6

Lung Cancer

Question 7

Blood clot in lung blood vessels; inadequate blood flow through the pulmonary capillaries, affecting respiratory
function

Answer 7

Thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries

Question 8

Most frequent cause of death of infants between 2 weeks and 1 year of age;

cause is still unknown, but at-risk babies
can be placed on monitors that warn if breathing stops

Answer 8

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 9

Caused by streptococcal bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes);

characterized by inflammation of the pharynx and fever

Answer 9

Strep throat

Question 10

Results from a viral infection

Answer 10

common cold

Question 11

Caused by the bacterium Clostridium tuberculosis, which forms small, lumplike lesions called tubercles

Answer 11

tuberculosis

Question 12

Many bacterial or viral infections of the lungs that cause fever, difficulty in breathing, and chest pain;

edema in the lungs reduces their inflation ability and reduces gas exchange

Answer 12

pneumonia

Question 13

Viral infection of the respiratory system; does not affect the digestive system, as is commonly misunderstood

Answer 13

flu