Ventilation and Gas Exchange Flashcards
Fill in the definitions to each of these terms in the table below:
What is meants by the terms in this graph?
tidal volume?
What is the inspiratory reserve?
What is the expiratory reserve?
What is the residual volume?
Why is residual volume important?
Why is the graph inaccurate? Why do we not go to full lung capacity all the way down to residual volume?
requires a lot of extra effort
What is the average minute ventilation?
Why is high frequency bad?
Only breath into dead space
What factors affect lung volumes and capacities, and how?
Bigger size = usually bigger rib cage = bigger lung space = bigger lungs
Sex, generally males have bigger lungs that females
Disease
Age (chronological and physical)
What is the conducting zone?
What is the respiratory zone?
What do we think about for alveolar respiration?
Air getting down to the respiratory zone
Why can oxygen not be picked up?
What two reversible procedures can increase or decrease a person’s dead space?
Tracheostomy = decreases
anaesthetic circuit snorkelling
What is the relationship between the chest wall and the lung?
What is the pleural cavity and the pleural membrane?
What happens when there is a bleed or puncture in the pleural cavity?
Bleed = increased pressure on lung
Puncture = chest wall and lungs not held together so tey move away from each other
How do we breathe in and out?
Using pressure, created by the diaphragm moving up or down
What is negative pressure breathing Vs postive pressure breathing?
Negative pressure breathing = normal
Positive pressure breathing = blowing air into a patient’s lungs e..g CPR, ventilation, fighter pilots (wearing face masks)
What are transmural pressures?
Pressure differences across a membane - pressure calculated by
What are the 2 main types of respiratory movement?
