Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BRS - Bioregulatory Systems Week 6 > Structure and Function of the airways > Flashcards

Structure and Function of the airways Flashcards

1
Q

What does the trachea split into?

What is the name given to the type of branching that splits into two?

Why is the cartilage ‘C’ shaped?

A

Bronchi

Dichotomous branching

Something about swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the alveolar region made of? What is the function at this region?

A

idk

Gas exchange takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the structure of an alveolar unit?

A

Alveolar macrophages = phagocytosis (ingest particles) = clean

Type I cell = v. thin, facillitates gas exchange between the alveoli and blood

Type II = replicate to produce more type I cells when the Type I cells get damaged, secrete a bunch of stuff and nullify toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the image, spot where the Type I and Type II cells are?

A

Ridges = blood vessels because type I cells are so thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the basic functions of the respiratory airways?

How are the airways kept open?

A

Conduct O2 to the alveoli, allow for CO2 to exit etc.

Mechanical stability of cartilage = keeps it open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structure prevent air being taken into the stomach and food into the lungs?

What are conchae? Where are they found?

A

Epiglottis

Lots of vasculature = warming of air before it goes down

Nasal hairs = filter out the hair (first line of defence in protecting the lower airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are the airway structures organised?

A

Not a fully circle of cartilage = improves machnical stability

When the smooth muscle contractes, it squeezes some of the mucus out to protect the something?

Many vasculature - fill tracheal tissue with oxyge and etc.

Goblet cells = produces mucus

Cilia face??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cartoon pic of structure of airway

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the different airway cell types?

What are the main 4?

A

Ciliated, smooth muscle, nerves, glands, …?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the structure of ciliated cells?

Why are there many mitochondria in the ciliated cells?

A

Mitochondria = provide ATP to power sweeping motion of cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is mucin secretion? Where is it from? How is it stimulated?

A

from goblet cells

Size expansion = intragranules release their contents

Enormous capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of the submucosal glands?

A

Washes mucus secretion to the collecting duct?

idk missed most of it?

Mucous, serous and gland cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do ciliated cells do?

What rhythm do the cilia follow for sweeping?

A

idk

Some cilia go one way, and some go the other way - works like a mexican wave

Metachronal rhythm - movement controlled by calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the epithelium?

A

Not just a physical barrier

Produces nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are prosteoglandins?

What enzyme produces prosteoglandins?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the smooth muscles of the airway?

A

Structure =

Funciton = contraction and relaxation to constrict and open up the airways

Constriction to stop something going too far down - gives better chance of coughing it up

17
Q

What happens when there is inflammation in the smooth muscle of the airways?

A

Structure = hyper proliferated

Tone = more contracted

Secretion = excess

18
Q

What is the airway vasculature?

A

Trachio-bronchial circulation system

19
Q

What vasculature is found under the epithelium?

Why is it structured this way?

A

Plexus of arteries, capillaries and veins found just under the epithelium

Direct exchange, contributes to warming, clear away inhaled drugs, supplies airway tissue with inflammatory cells and proteinaceous plasma

20
Q

What are the nerves found in the airways that control airway function?

What are the regulatory and inflammatory inhibitors?

A

cholinergic, adrenergic, sensory

idek

21
Q

idk what he’s on about?

A
22
Q

idk missed some more stuff

A
23
Q

What are the different cells of the immune syste and what inflammatory secretions do they produce?

A

slide

24
Q

What are some respiratory diseases that result in the loss of airway?

A
25
Q

What is the risk factor for COPD?

A

Smoking

26
Q

What is asthma? What are its characteristics?

What is the main inflamamtory cell in asthma?

A

Airflow obstruction = reversible

dyspnoea = shortness of breath

associated with airway inflammaiton leading to airway remodelling

eosinophil

27
Q

What are the pathological signs of asthma?

A

Eosinophils, something something etc

bronchoconstriction

28
Q
A
29
Q

What is the current understanding of asthma?

A

‘simple’ schematic

excess mucus?

Cholinergic reflex set off = bronchoconstriction + mucus secretion

BRS - Bioregulatory Systems Week 6 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions