Ventilation and Compliance 1

Question 1

What is the capacity of each lung?

Answer 1

3L (total capacity of 6L)

Question 2

What is the size of a typical breath?

Answer 2

500ml

Question 3

How full are lungs at the end of a normal breath?

Answer 3

Half full

Question 4

What is the volume of air that cannot be voluntarily shifted called?

Answer 4

Residual volume

Question 5

How large is residual volume?

Answer 5

1.2L

Question 6

What is residual volume needed for?

Answer 6

Stop alveoli from collapsing and for gas exchange to take place between breaths

Question 7

How much gas is in anatomical dead space?

Answer 7

150ml

Question 8

What is tidal volume?

Answer 8

A normal breath, 500ml

Question 9

What is the volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs at each breath called?

Answer 9

Tidal volume, TV

Question 10

What is expiratory reserve volume, ERV?

Answer 10

Maximum volume of air which can be expelled from the lungs at the end of a normal expiration

Question 11

What is the maximum volume of air which can be expelled from the lungs at the end of normal expiration called?

Answer 11

Expiratory reserve volume, ERV

Question 12

What is inspiratory reserve volume, IRV?

Answer 12

Maximum volume of air which can be drawn into the lungs at the end of a normal inspiration

Question 13

What is the maximum volume of air which can be drawn into the lungs at the end of a normal inspiration called?

Answer 13

Inspiratory reserve volume, IRV

Question 14

What is residual volume, RV?

Answer 14

Volume of gas in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration

Question 15

What is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration called?

Answer 15

Residual volume, RV

Question 16

What is vital capacity, VC?

Answer 16

Total volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 17

What does total volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume make?

Answer 17

Vital capacity, VC

Question 18

What is total lung capacity, TLC?

Answer 18

Vital capacity + residual volume

Question 19

What does vital capacity + residual volume make?

Answer 19

Total lung capacity, TLC

Question 20

What is inspiratory capacity, IC?

Answer 20

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Question 21

What does tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume make?

Answer 21

Inspiratory capacity, IC

Question 22

What is functional residual capacity, FRC?

Answer 22

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

Question 23

What does expiratory reserve volume + residual volume make?

Answer 23

Functional residual capacity, FRC

Question 24

What is FEV₁?

Answer 24

Forced expired volume in 1 second

Question 25

What is the forced expired volume in 1 second called?

Answer 25

FEV₁

Question 26

What is FEV₁:FVC?

Answer 26

Fraction of forced vital capacity expired in 1 second

Question 27

What is ventilation?

Answer 27

Movement of air in and out of the lungs

Question 28

What are the 2 kinds of ventilation?

Answer 28

Pulmonary (minute) ventilation Alveolar ventilation

Question 29

What is pulmonary (minute) inspiration?

Answer 29

Total air movement into/out of lungs

Question 30

What is alveolar ventilation?

Answer 30

Fresh air getting to alveoli and available for gas exchange

Question 31

Which of pulmonary and alveolar ventilation is functionally significant?

Answer 31

Alveolar ventilation as it describes fresh air available for gas exchange

Question 32

What is pulmonary and alveolar ventilation measured in?

Answer 32

L/min

Question 33

How efficient is normal breathing and why?

Answer 33

70% because 150ml of the 500ml breath gets stuck in anatomically dead space

Question 34

What is hyperventilation?

Answer 34

Breathing more air than normal (above 4.2L/min)

Question 35

What is hypoventilation?

Answer 35

Breathing less air than normal (below 4.2L/min)

Question 36

What is a standard value for alveolar ventilation?

Answer 36

4.2L/min

Question 37

How does breathing less volume quicker compare to breathing larger breaths slower?

Answer 37

Both have the same pulmonary ventilation More volume and slower has greater alveolar ventilation due to anatomically dead space during each breath having a smaller effect overall

Question 38

What is Dalton's law?

Answer 38

Total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the individual gasses

Question 39

What is the air composed of?

Answer 39

78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 0. 9% argon 0. 04% carbon dioxide

Question 40

What is carbon dioxide in our cells due to?

Answer 40

Carbon dioxide that we produce internally as waste, not the carbon dioxide that we breathe in

Question 41

What is a partial pressure?

Answer 41

Pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is equilvalent to the percentage of that particular gas in the entire mixture multiplied by the pressure of the whole gaseous mixture

Question 42

How does the pressure exerted by different gas molecules compare?

Answer 42

All gas molecules exert the same pressure

Question 43

What is normal atmospheric pressure?

Answer 43

101kPa 760mmHg

Question 44

What are the partial pressures of oxygen and CO₂ like under normal conditions?

Answer 44

Resting alveolar P_CO2 and P_O2 remains fairly constant

Question 45

What happens to the partial pressures of oxygen and CO₂ during hyperventilation?

Answer 45

P_O2 rises and P_CO2 falls

Question 46

What happens to the partial pressures of oxygen and CO₂ during hypoventilation?

Answer 46

P_O2 falls and P_CO2 rises