Ventilation

Question 1

appearance of pre-transplant lungs while breathing

Answer 1

move in all directions - not limited by the rib cage, diaphragm and spine
go darker red when relax - bv are more condense

Question 2

hyperventilation

Answer 2

excessive ventilation - above the metabolic demand

reduced PCO2 = alkalosis

Question 3

hypoventilation

Answer 3

deficient ventilation - unable to meet metabolic demand

high PCO2 = acidosis

Question 4

physiological dead space

Answer 4

sum of alveolar and anatomical dead space

Question 5

hyperpnea

Answer 5

increased depth of breathing to meet demand

Question 6

minute ventilation

Answer 6

volume of air expired in 1 minute

Question 7

mechanism for breatghing at rest

Answer 7

air in and out of nose

Question 8

mechanism for deep breath

Answer 8

air in and out of nose and mouth

Question 9

lung volumes

Answer 9

discrete sections on vol-time graph

Question 10

lung capacities

Answer 10

sum of 2 or more volumes on vol-time graph

Question 11

tidal volume

Answer 11

air in and out per breath
1/2 L
in exercise it increases - not a fixed volume

Question 12

inspiratory reserve

Answer 12

how much extra you can breathe in

Question 13

expiratory reserve

Answer 13

how much extra you can exhale

Question 14

residual volume

Answer 14

volume left inside the lungs - important that the lungs don’t close

Question 15

total lung capacity

Answer 15

the volume in full lungs

Question 16

vital capacity

Answer 16

the maximum volume that you can use and influence

Question 17

functional residual capacity

Answer 17

air left in the lung after normal expiration

recoil cause lung to empty

Question 18

factors that affect the lung volumes and capacities

Answer 18

taller = bigger lungs
male = bigger lungs
age
control of lung/tone of muscle/emphysema
innate fitness - ie have bigger chest cavity

Question 19

describe dead space in the conducting zone

Answer 19

16 generations(bifurcations)
no GE
150ml in adults at FRC
anatomical dead space

Question 20

describe dead space from non-perfused parenchyma

Answer 20

alveoli without a blood supply
no gas exchange
0ml in adults
alveolar dead space

Question 21

what is the respiratory zone

Answer 21

there are 7 generations
where GE occurs
350ml in adults
alveolar ventilation

Question 22

reversible changes of dead space

Answer 22

tracheostomy/cricothyroidotomy reduce dead space

aesthetic tubing, snorkelling and ventilator increase dead space

Question 23

describe ventilation while snorkelling

Answer 23

ventilation is more forceful because of more dead space

if snorkel bigger = less O2 more CO2 - breathe faster which exacerbates the situation = death

Question 24

effect of being deeper while snorkelling

Answer 24

increase hydrostatic pressure of H2O

respiratory muscles work harder to expand against the pressure