control of airway cells

Question 1

hormonal

Answer 1

adrenaline from the adrenal gland

relaxes airway

Question 2

NO control of airways

Answer 2

only humans
speeds up the movement of cilia
vasorelaxant - dilates bv and airways

Question 3

SNS control

Answer 3

done by animals and not people
causes release of adrenaline
opens the airways

Question 4

PNS control

Answer 4

signal from the brainstem down the vagus nerve causes constriction of the airway
it is a cholinergic pathway
motor pathway
uses muscarinic receptors
neurotransmitter is acetyl choline
cause mucous to enter airway = slippery = easier to cough substances out

Question 5

inflammatory cells in airways

Answer 5

eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, T lymphocytes, structural cells - can take on inflammatory component
these cells produce >1 mediator
each mediator does >1 thing

Question 6

what do mast cells make

Answer 6

histamine 
adenosine 
prostaglandins 
leukotrienes 
PAF (platelet activating factor) 
cytokines

Question 7

inflammatory mediators

Answer 7

cytokines 
chemokines
histamine 
serotonin 
adenosine 
prostaglandin 
leukotrienes
thromboxane
PAF 
endothelin
GF 
proteinases
reactive gas species

Question 8

actions of mediators

Answer 8

SM contraction/relaxation 
secretion - mucin, water 
plasma exudation 
neural modulation 
chemotaxis
remodelling

Question 9

histamine

Answer 9

contract airway sm 
relax bv sm 
plasma exudation 
mediate neuronal function 
secrete mucin