control of airway cells Flashcards
hormonal
adrenaline from the adrenal gland
relaxes airway
NO control of airways
only humans
speeds up the movement of cilia
vasorelaxant - dilates bv and airways
SNS control
done by animals and not people
causes release of adrenaline
opens the airways
PNS control
signal from the brainstem down the vagus nerve causes constriction of the airway
it is a cholinergic pathway
motor pathway
uses muscarinic receptors
neurotransmitter is acetyl choline
cause mucous to enter airway = slippery = easier to cough substances out
inflammatory cells in airways
eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, T lymphocytes, structural cells - can take on inflammatory component
these cells produce >1 mediator
each mediator does >1 thing
what do mast cells make
histamine adenosine prostaglandins leukotrienes PAF (platelet activating factor) cytokines
inflammatory mediators
cytokines chemokines histamine serotonin adenosine prostaglandin leukotrienes thromboxane PAF endothelin GF proteinases reactive gas species
actions of mediators
SM contraction/relaxation secretion - mucin, water plasma exudation neural modulation chemotaxis remodelling
histamine
contract airway sm relax bv sm plasma exudation mediate neuronal function secrete mucin