venous system disorders

Question 1

what is phlebothrombosis?

why does it happen mostly?

what vein is mostly affected?

What symptoms are seen?

Answer 1

thrombus of vein without inflammation

1. pts that remain a long time in bed rest, blood will clot
2. hypercoagulable states:
   
   • factor 5 mutation
   • no anti-coagulants = no protein C or S
   • taking oral contraceptives

deep veins of calf = cause DVT

• Homan sign (pain on compression or dorsiflexion of foot)
• pulmonary embolism (from femoral vein)
• deep venous insufficiency:
  
  • stasis dermatitis = orange discoloration in ankles
  • superficial vein varicosity = blood flows back
  • varicose ulcers

Question 2

what is thrombophlebitis?

what causes it?

what symptoms are seen?

Answer 2

thrombus formation with pain and inflammation in superficial veins

1. infection with S. aureus via drug abuse
2. carcinoma of head of pancreas
   
   • produces superficial migratory thrombophlebitis (trousseau’s sign)
     
     • cancer releases mucin into blood, promoting coagulation

pain and palpable vein, with overlying skin red and swollen

Question 3

what can cause obstruction of superior vena cava?

what symptoms are seen?

Answer 3

oat cell carcinoma

mediastinal lymphoma (hodgkins)

• blue to purple color in face, arms and shoulders
• retinal hemmorrhage
• distended jugular vein

Question 4

what can cause obstruction of inferior vena cava?

what symptoms are seen?

Answer 4

neoplasm

Hepatic cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma

edema of legs and distended abdominal veins