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Vascular technology boards > Venous evaluation > Flashcards

Venous evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

the paired deep veins of the arm and forearm follow the arteries are called what?

A

venae comitantes( cooresponding veins)

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2
Q

the radial and ulnar veins unite to for what?

A

brachial veins

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3
Q

the paired brachial veins become the ________ usually near the armpit

A

axillary vein

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4
Q

another landmark fot he brachials becoming the axillary is where the brachial and _ veins join

A

basilic

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5
Q

the axiallary vein becomes the ____ vein when it is joined by the cephalic vein, usually near the lateral border of the first rib

A

subclavian vein

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6
Q

the subclavian vein joins the internal jugular to form the ?

A

brachiocephalic or innominate

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7
Q

the veins are collapsible tubes that expand in response to increased ? aka as?

A

transmural pressure aka distension pressure

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8
Q

_______ valves are structural elaborations of the intimal layer that keeo the blood flowing in only one direction.

A

bicuspid valves

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9
Q

What is intraluminal pressure?

A

pressure exerted on the venous walls from within the vein

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10
Q

what is interstitial pressure? aka ?

A

interstitial pressure called transmural pressure

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11
Q

___________ _________ is equivalent to the weight of a column of blood extending from the heart to the level where the pressure is being measured

A

hydrostatic pressure

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12
Q

what is the formula for hydrostatic pressure?

A

HP=pgh hysrostatic pressure= specific gravity of blood (p) acceleration due to gravity (g) and distance from the hear (h)

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13
Q

what is the hydrostatic pressure when a patient is supine?

A

ommHg

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14
Q

what is the hydrostatic pressure measure at the ankles when the patient is standing?

A

100 mmHg

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15
Q

the development of venous thrombosis is based on 3 groups of risk factors know as?

A

virchow’s triad

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16
Q

what are the three groups of virchows triad?

A

trauma, venous stasis, hypercoagulability

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17
Q

___________ is predominantly composed of red blood cells trapped with in a fibrin web, frequently originate at the cusps of the venous valves or in the doleal sinus

A

intraluminal thrombi

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18
Q

_________ syndrome aka as ______ usually involves thrombosis of the subclavian or axillary vein secondary to intense repetitive activity

A

Paget- schroetter syndrome, aka stress or effort thrombosis

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19
Q

what is May thurner syndrome?

A

left common iliac vein compression by by the right common iliac artery as the artery crosses over it

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20
Q

What is compression of the left renal vein called?

A

nutcracker syndrome, squished between the AO and the SMA

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21
Q

the combination of chronic swelling, brawny discoloration and ulceration formation in the distal calf to ankle area is referred to as?

A

post thrombotic or post phlebitic syndrome

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22
Q

the distal calf to ankle area is aka?

A

gaiter zone

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23
Q

with portal hypertension, the elevated pressure results in a reverse pressure gradient that is called what kind of flow?

A

hepatofugal flow

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24
Q

what is Dyspnea?

A

difficulty breathing

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25
Q

superior vena cava syndrome is what? what is the most common symptom?

A

obstruction of the SVC, dyspnea

26
Q

_______________ is the most common solid renal mass in the adult that can result in thrombosis of the renal vein.

A

renal cell carcinoma

27
Q

_______ is a localized dilatation not associated with the normal dilatation at a valve site.

A

venous aneurysm, the focal diameter increases >50%

28
Q

_________ are dialted tortuous superficial veins that may be hereditary. e.g result of a congenital absence of one or more valves

A

primary varicose veins

29
Q

____________ are caused by obstructive conditions of the deep venous system.

A

secondary varicose veins

30
Q

what is erythema?

A

redness

31
Q

what is brawny?

A

brownish

32
Q

what is lipodermatosclerosis?

A

thickening and hardening of the skin

33
Q

what is a limb threatening condition that results from arterial spasms that occur secondary to extensive acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis?

A

phlegmasia alba dolens

34
Q

when performing venous photoplethysmography you are testing what?

A

venous refill time aka venous reactive time VRT

35
Q

if VRT is >20 the study is considered what?

A

normal

36
Q

a VRT of < 20 seconds w/o the tourniquet that normalizes to >20 seconds with the tourniquet above the knee is consistent with ?

A

reflux in the great saphenous vein

37
Q

a VRT <20sec with out the tourniquet that normalizes to >20secs only when the tourniquet is applied below the knee is consistent with what?

A

reflux in the small saphenous vein

38
Q

a VRT< 20 with and without tourniquet application is consistent with what?

A

reflux in the deep system

39
Q

with volume plethysmography arterial changes are related to what? and venous changes reflect what?

A

cardiac activity, venous emptying and venous filling

40
Q

venous filling index (VFI) documents what?

A

the rate of venous refilling

41
Q

normal VFI is what? what is severe ?

A

<=2.0 >10.o

42
Q

__________ measures the calf muscle pump function after one toe up exercise

A

ejection fraction

43
Q

an ejection fraction that is ________% is considered normal

A

> 60%,

44
Q

the __________ is calculated as the percentage of venous volume remaining after 10 toe up movements. what is considered normal?

A

the residual volume fraction (RVF), <35%

45
Q

pulsatile venous flow of the lower extremities is most commonly from what? 2 things

A

congestive heart failure or tricuspid regurgitation

46
Q

T/F Peripheral arterial disease(PAD) has no affect on venous filling ?

A

false, PAD results in decreased venous filling leading to decreased venous flow

47
Q

coaptation refers to what?

A

compressibility

48
Q

what is Rouleau?

A

used to describe the appearance of red bloodcells arranged like rolls of coins … represents sluggish flow

49
Q

Venous refluz lasting longer that >.5 or >1 is considered what?

A

abnormal

50
Q

What is budd-chiari syndrome

A

results from hepatic vein occlusion

51
Q

T/F when a patient has a D-dimer test, a negative result is conclusive for absence of thrombotic process?

A

false

52
Q

What is the purpose of venous ablation?

A

it closes the diseased vein thus keeping the blood in the deep vein where the calf muscle contraction causes normal unidirectional flow towards the heart

53
Q

What does radio frequency ablation do? (RFA)

A

achieves thermal ablation within the vein via a catheter equipped with radio frequency

54
Q

what is endovenous laser ablation?

A

small laser that releases energy into the vein creating damage and sealing the vein through contraction

55
Q

What is microphlebectomy?

A

a phlebotomy can be done when a vein is to large for sclerotherapy or to close to the skin for an endogenous procedure

56
Q

_____ is the injection of a sclerosing solution, an irritant into the vessel resulting in its closure. What is it used for?

A

sclerotherapy, small varicosities aka spider veins (telangiectasias)

57
Q

surface laser treatment is good for?

A

leg spider veins and reticular veins on cheeks , under eyes and on legs

58
Q

medicated wraps or dressings used to treat infection also provide compression they are called what?

A

unna boots

59
Q

what is used to treat portal hypertension?

A

TIPS ( transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)

60
Q

Where is the TIPS placed?

A

shunt between portal and hepatic veins to decompress the portal vein

61
Q

normal recovery time for a photoplethysmography venous reflux study should be what?

A

greater than 20 seconds

Vascular technology boards (6 decks)

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